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作者：Walsh, F
摘要：The pattern of effort and wages is derived in a multisector efficiency wage model. Firms choose effort endogenously. Easily monitored or low-turnover jobs have high effort and may have low wages in equilibrium. Empirical wage differentials from a measure of supervision are smaller than observed industry differentials that have been attributed to efficiency wage models and are closer to those predicted by the model. Workers can search for and avail of on-the-job offers. If sectors grow at diffe...
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作者：Kreider, B
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：This article provides new evidence about the impact of Social Security Disability Insurance on male labor force participation decisions based on estimates from a structural model of applications, awards, and state-contingent lifetime income flows. The lifetime framework makes it possible to consider long-term opportunity costs associated with early labor force withdrawal and the disincentive to applications resulting from the statutory waiting period before benefits may be received. Estimation...
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作者：Entorf, H; Gollac, M; Kramarz, F
作者单位：University of Wurzburg
摘要：We study the effect of: new technologies (NT) on wages and employment using a unique panel that matches data on individuals and on their firms. As in the United States, we show that computer users are better paid than nonusers (15%-20% more). But these workers were already better compensated before the introduction of the NTs. Total returns to computer use amount to 2%. Measurement errors do not affect our estimates. Furthermore, computer users are protected from job losses as long as bad busi...
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作者：Baker, M; Benjamin, D
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the (sequential) introduction of early retirement provisions to Canada's two public pension plans. These reforms provide a unique opportunity to assess the effect of public pension plan parameters on labor supply behavior, free of the biases that potentially affect the simple time-series or cross-section inference presented in many previous studies. We find that the reforms led to an increase in pension receipt but had little immediate effect on labor market behavior. This is due to...
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作者：Booth, AL; Frank, J
作者单位：University of Essex; University of London; Royal Holloway University London
摘要：Jobs with performance-related pay (PRP) attract workers of higher ability and induce workers to provide greater effort. We construct an integrated model of effort and sorting that clarifies the distinction between observable and unobservable ability and the relationship between earnings and productivity. Predictions are tested against data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). The PRP raises wages by 9% for men and 6% for women. Theoretical calculations show that these estimated earn...
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作者：Goux, D; Maurin, E
摘要：We estimate interindustry wage differentials using new French longitudinal data that allow a tracking of workers and their firms over time; We find that; when measured on a cross-sectional basis, they primarily reflect the interindustry variations in unmeasured labor quality. However, interindustry wage differentials are only a minor component of interfirm wage differentials. The average differential in wages paid to the same workers by different firms is about 20%-30%. In a given industry, wa...
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作者：Montgomery, JD
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This article examines a dynamic adverse-selection model that generates equilibrium employment cycles. In the model, firms hire workers from unemployment, observe workers' productivity through time, and (following the profit-maximizing rule) eventually fire unproductive workers. If hiring costs are low, the dynamical system converges to a steady state in which the unemployment pool contains mostly low-ability workers. However, if hiring costs are sufficiently large, this lemons effect would mak...
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作者：Hellerstein, JK; Neumark, D; Troske, KR
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
摘要：We use a unique new data set that combines data on individual workers and their employers to estimate marginal productivity differentials among different types of workers. We then compare these to estimated relative wages, leading to new evidence on productivity-based and nonproductivity-based explanations of the determination of wages. Among our findings are (1) the higher pay of prime-aged workers (aged 35-54) and older workers (aged 55+) is reflected in higher point estimates of their relat...
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作者：Kuhn, P; Sweetman, A
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; McMaster University; University of Victoria
摘要：In contrast to nonunion workers, reemployment wages of workers displaced from unionized jobs decline with tenure on the lost job. This finding cannot easily be explained by firm- or industry-specific human capital accumulation, deferred-pay policies, standard matching models, or a correlation between tenure and reentry rates into unionized jobs. Possible explanations include negative selection of senior union workers and a negative causal effect of unionism on workers' alternative skills. Desp...
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作者：Neumark, D; Polsky, D; Hansen, D
作者单位：Michigan State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We update the evidence on changes in job stability through the mid-1990s, using recently released Current Population Survey data for 1995 that parallel earlier job tenure supplements. In the aggregate, job stability declined modestly in the first half of the 1990s. Moreover, the relatively small aggregate changes mask rather sharp declines in stability for workers with more than a few years of tenure. Nonetheless, the data available to this point do not support the conclusion that the downward...
