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作者：Kornfeld, R; Bloom, HS
作者单位：ABT Associates; New York University
摘要：This article attempts to determine whether wage records reported by employers to state unemployment insurance (UI) agencies provide a valid alternative to more costly retrospective sample surveys of individuals as the basis for measuring the impacts of employment and training programs for low-income persons. We analyze UI data and survey data for a sample of low-income adults and youths from 12 sites in the National Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) study. Our comparison indicates that impac...
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作者：Lazear, EP
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作者：Schmidt, SR
作者单位：Urban Institute
摘要：In recent years, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, former U.S. Secretary of Labor Robert Reich, and many journalists have argued that workers are more anxious about losing their jobs than they were in the past. I use the 1977-96 General Social Survey to document trends in workers' beliefs about their own job security. During the 1990s, workers have been more pessimistic about losing their jobs in the next 12 months than workers were during the 1980s. Workers have also been more concerne...
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作者：Wanner, E
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作者：Neal, D
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The model of job search involves both employer matches and career matches. Workers may change employers without changing careers but cannot search over possible lines of work while working for one employer. The optimal policy implies a two-stage search strategy in which workers search over types of work first. The patterns of job changes observed in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth support this two-stage search policy. Among male workers who are changing jobs, those who have previousl...
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作者：Fairlie, RW
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Estimates from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics indicate that African-American men are one-third as likely to be self-employed as white men. The large discrepancy is due to a black transition rate into self-employment that is approximately one-half the white rate and a black transition rate out of self-employment that is Mice the white rate. Using a new variation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, I find that racial differences in asset levels and probabilities of having self-emp...
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作者：Juhn, C; Kim, DI
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：This article examines whether increases in female labor supply contributed to rising wage inequality and declining real wages of less skilled males during the 1980s. While male wage declines are concentrated in the 1980s, female labor supply growth slowed in the 1980s relative to the 1970s. Women also increased the relative supply of skill in the economy in the 1980s. Using state-level data we estimate cross-substitution effects between men and women. Once we account for demand changes we find...
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作者：Holzer, H; Neumark, D
作者单位：Michigan State University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use microlevel data on employers and employees from a sample of establishments in four major metropolitan areas in the United States to investigate whether Affirmative Action leads to the hiring of minority or female employees who are less qualified. Our measures of qualifications include the educational attainment of the workers hired and a variety of outcome measures related to worker performance on the job. We find evidence of lower educational qualifications among women and minorities h...
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作者：Borjas, GJ
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article investigates if the location choices made by immigrants when they arrive in the United States are influenced by the interstate dispersion in welfare benefits. Income-maximizing behavior implies that foreign-born welfare recipients, unlike their native-born counterparts, may be clustered in the states that offer the highest benefits. The empirical analysis indicates that immigrant welfare recipients are indeed more heavily clustered in high-benefit states than the immigrants who do...
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作者：Valletta, RG
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：This article defines and analyzes job security in the context of implicit contracts designed to overcome incentive problems in the employment relationship. Contracts of this nature generate predictions concerning the relationship between job security parameters-such as worker seniority and sectoral economic conditions - and the probability of separations. To test these predictions, I estimate binomial and multinomial models of job separations using Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data fo...
