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作者：Levy, Raphael
作者单位：University of Mannheim
摘要：We consider a political agency model where voters learn information about some policy-relevant variable, which they can ignore when it impedes their desire to hold optimistic beliefs. Voters' excessive tendency to sustain optimism may result in inefficient political decision-making because political courage does not pay off when voters have poor information. However, voters infer information from policies and incentives to ignore bad news decrease when policy-making is more efficient This gene...
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作者：Brummet, Quentin
摘要：Many school districts across the country are shutting schools, but school closing policies remain a very controversial issue. The current study investigates the effects of school closing policies on student achievement by examining over 200 school closings in Michigan. Relative to the previous literature, the analysis uses a broader set of school closings to thoroughly investigate heterogeneity in treatment effects based on the performance level of the closed school. The results indicate that,...
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作者：Wong, Maisy
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Desegregation is a key policy issue in many countries. I investigate a residential desegregation program in Singapore - the ethnic housing quotas. I show that choice restrictions imposed on apartment blocks above the quota limits (constrained) could have distortionary effects, causing price and quantity differences for constrained versus unconstrained blocks. 1 test these predictions by hand-matching more than 500,000 names in the phonebook to ethnicities, to calculate ethnic proportions at th...
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作者：Johannesen, Niels
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：The rules demarcating debt and equity for tax purposes differ between countries, hence the possibility that a hybrid financial instrument is treated as equity in one country and debt in another. This may create a scope for tax avoidance by allowing firms that invest in foreign countries to combine tax deductible interest expenses in the host country and tax favored dividend income in the home country. In this paper, we first develop a formal model of hybrid instruments and show that, for a giv...
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作者：Isen, Adam
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：Numerous theories posit that the fiscal decisions of one jurisdiction influence the fiscal decisions of its neighbors. The main contribution of this paper is to address empirical difficulties in testing for spillovers using a regression discontinuity design on a newly collected dataset I utilize close elections from this large dataset of local referenda in Ohio to isolate the effect of exogenous increases in taxation and spending of one jurisdiction on neighbors' fiscal decisions. For all juri...
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作者：Bierbrauer, Felix
作者单位：University of Cologne
摘要：Standard tax incidence analysis deals with households and firms that buy and sell consumption goods, as opposed to financial institutions that buy and sell financial products. This paper develops a framework that allows us to study tax incidence on financial markets, and applies it to a financial transactions tax. A main result is that the tax may contribute to financial distress. Moreover, if the government has to bail out the debtors of failed financial institutions, the tax-induced increase...
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作者：Goda, Gopi Shah; Manchester, Colleen Flaherty; Sojourner, Aaron J.
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Many investment companies have begun providing their defined-contribution pension participants with individualized, retirement income projections. The U.S. Congress is currently considering whether to require them all to do so. Evidence on the potential impact is scant, though a large body of economic research suggests that individuals are not currently making optimal retirement-saving decisions. Through a field experiment, we measure how provision of retirement income projections along with e...
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作者：Beatty, Timothy K. M.; Blow, Laura; Crossley, Thomas F.; O'Dea, Cormac
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Essex
摘要：Government transfers to individuals are often given labels indicating that they are designed to support the consumption of particular goods. Standard economic theory implies that the labeling of cash transfers or cash-equivalents should have no effect on spending patterns. We study the UK Winter Fuel Payment, a cash transfer to older households. Our empirical strategy nests a regression discontinuity design within an Engel curve framework We find robust evidence of a behavioral effect of label...
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作者：Carbonnier, Clement
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite
摘要：The present article generalizes economic literature on the incidence of consumption taxes to general schedules of consumption taxes dependent on price. Previous studies were limited to the cases of per unit and ad valorem taxes. Three main contributions are made. Methodologically, the elasticity of the tax function is introduced as a new parameter so that the price-elasticity of general consumption tax schedules in different models of imperfect competition might be dealt with in a tractable ma...
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作者：Carlsson, Fredrik; Johansson-Stenman, Olof; Pham Khanh Nam
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Ho Chi Minh City University Economics
摘要：We measure people's pro-social behavior, in terms of voluntary money and labor contributions to an archetypical public good, a bridge, and in terms of voluntary money contributions in a public good game, using the same non-student sample in rural Vietnam at four different points in time from 2005 to 2011. Two of the observed events are actual voluntary contributions (one in terms of money and one in terms of labor), one is from a natural field experiment, and one is from an artefactual field e...
