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作者：Blinder, Alan S.; Krueger, Alan B.
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：This article reports on household survey measurements of the offshorability of jobs, defined as the ability to perform the work from abroad. We develop multiple measures of offshorability, using both self-reporting and professional coders. All measures find that roughly 25% of US jobs are offshorable. Our three preferred measures agree between 70% and 80% of the time. Professional coders appear to provide the most accurate assessments. Empirically, more educated workers appear to hold somewhat...
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作者：Johnson, Matthew; Keane, Michael P.
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：We develop an equilibrium model of the US labor market, fit to Panel Study of Income Dynamics data from 1968-96. Our main innovation is a finer differentiation of types of labor than in prior work (i.e., by occupation, education, gender, and age). This lets us fit wage and employment patterns better than simpler models. We obtain a good fit to wages and occupational choices over the 29-year period while also explaining college attendance rates. We use the model to assess factors driving change...
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作者：Figlio, David; Rush, Mark; Yin, Lu
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：This article presents the first experimental evidence on the effects of live versus Internet media of instruction. Students in a large introductory microeconomics course at a major research university were randomly assigned to live lectures versus watching these same lectures in an Internet setting where all other factors ((e.g., instruction, supplemental materials)) were the same. We find modest evidence that live-only instruction dominates Internet instruction. These results are particularly...
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作者：Goodman, Sarena F.; Turner, Lesley J.
作者单位：Columbia University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Teacher compensation schemes are often criticized for lacking a performance-based component. Proponents argue that teacher incentive pay can raise student achievement and stimulate system-wide innovation. We examine a group-based teacher incentive scheme implemented in New York City and investigate whether specific features of the program contributed to its ineffectiveness. Although overall the program had little effect on student achievement, we show that in schools where incentives to free r...
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作者：Kerr, Sari Pekkala; Pekkarinen, Tuomas; Uusitalo, Roope
作者单位：Wellesley College; Aalto University
摘要：We evaluate the effects of the school system on mathematical, verbal, and logical reasoning skills using data from the Finnish comprehensive school reform that abolished the two-track school system. We use a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the gradual implementation across the country. Cognitive skills are measured using test scores from the Finnish Army Basic Skills Test. The reform had small positive effects on verbal test scores but no effect on the mean performance in the ...
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作者：Bredemeier, Christian; Juessen, Falko
作者单位：Dortmund University of Technology; University of Wuppertal
摘要：This paper investigates married women's hours worked disaggregated by the husband's wage decile. In the United States, this pattern has changed from downward sloping to hump shaped. We show that this development can be explained within a standard household model of labor supply when taking into account trends in assortative mating. A quantitative analysis of our model shows that female wage growth and decreasing fertility are primarily responsible for the overall increase in wives' hours since...
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作者：Cheron, Arnaud; Hairault, Jean-Olivier; Langot, Francois
作者单位：Le Mans Universite; Universite Catholique de Lille; EDHEC Business School; Paris School of Economics; heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne
摘要：This paper extends the job creation--job destruction approach to the labor market to take into account a deterministic finite horizon. As hirings and separations depend on the time over which investment costs can be recouped, the life-cycle setting implies age-differentiated labor-market flows. While search by the unemployed falls with age, the separation rate is rather U-shaped over the life cycle. Worker heterogeneity in the context of undirected search implies an intergenerational externali...
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作者：Rich, Robert; Tracy, Joseph
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：This article examines the ex post flexibility of US labor contracts during the 1970--95 period by investigating whether unanticipated changes in inflation increase the likelihood of a contract being renegotiated prior to its expiration. We find empirical support for this hypothesis. Specifically, our results indicate that renegotiations are triggered principally by large and infrequent price shocks of either sign. When combined with evidence that ex ante contract durations are shorter during e...
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作者：Delfgaauw, Josse; Dur, Robert; Sol, Joeri; Verbeke, Willem
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We ran a field experiment in a Dutch retail chain consisting of 128 stores. In a random sample of these stores, we introduced short-term sales competitions among subsets of stores. We find that sales competitions have a large effect on sales growth, but only in stores where the store's manager and a sufficiently large fraction of the employees have the same gender. Remarkably, results are alike for sales competitions with and without monetary rewards, suggesting a high symbolic value of winnin...
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作者：Burgess, Simon; Greaves, Ellen
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：We assess whether ethnic minority pupils are subject to low teacher expectations. We exploit the English testing system of quasi-blind externally marked tests and nonblind internal assessment to compare differences in these assessment methods between white and ethnic minority pupils. We find evidence that some ethnic groups are systematically underassessed relative to their white peers, while some are overassessed. We propose a stereotype model in which a teacher's local experience of an ethni...
