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作者：Cortes, Patricia; Pan, Jessica
作者单位：Boston University; National University of Singapore
摘要：We explore how the availability of affordable live-in help provided by foreign domestic workers (FDWs) in Hong Kong affected native women's labor supply and welfare. First, we exploit differences in the FDW program between Hong Kong and Taiwan. Second, we use cross-sectional variation in the cost of a FDW to estimate a model of labor force participation and FDW hire. FDWs increased the participation of mothers with a young child (relative to older children) by 10-14 percentage points and have ...
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作者：Boyd, Donald; Lankford, Hamilton; Loeb, Susanna; Wyckoff, James
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY; Stanford University; University of Virginia
摘要：This article uses a game-theoretic, two-sided matching model and method of simulated moments estimation to study factors affecting the match of elementary teachers to their first jobs. We find that employers demonstrate preferences for teachers having stronger academic achievement (e.g., attended a more selective college) and for teachers living in closer proximity to the school. Teachers show preferences for schools that are closer geographically, are suburban, have a smaller proportion of st...
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作者：Brunello, Giorgio; Fabbri, Daniele; Fort, Margherita
作者单位：University of Padua; University of Bologna
摘要：We adopt a multi-country setup to show that years of schooling have a causal protective effect on the body mass index of females living in nine European countries. No such effect is found for males. The protective effect for European females is not negligible but is smaller than one recently found for the United States and stronger among overweight females. We discuss possible mechanisms justifying both the protective role of education and the gender difference in this role. We argue that the ...
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作者：Kleiner, Morris M.; Krueger, Alan B.
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University
摘要：This study examines occupational licensing in the United States using a specially designed national labor force survey. Estimates from the survey indicated that 35% of employees were either licensed or certified by the government and that 29% were licensed. Another 3% stated that all who worked in their job would eventually be required to be certified or licensed, bringing the total that are or eventually must be licensed or certified by government to 38%. We find that licensing is associated ...
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作者：Blau, Francine D.; Kahn, Lawrence M.
作者单位：Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics data and data from a 2008 telephone survey of adults conducted by Westat for the Princeton Data Improvement Initiative (PDII) to explore the importance and feasibility of adding retrospective questions about actual work experience to cross-sectional data sets. We demonstrate that having such actual experience data is important for analyzing women's postschool human capital accumulation, residual wage inequality, and the gender pay gap. Further, ou...
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作者：Fryer, Roland G.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：As global policy makers and school leaders look for ways to improve student performance, financial incentives programs for teachers have become increasingly popular. This article describes a school-based randomized trial in over 200 New York City public schools designed to better understand the impact of teacher incentives. I find no evidence that teacher incentives increase student performance, attendance, or graduation, nor do I find evidence that these incentives change student or teacher b...
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作者：Giuliano, Laura
作者单位：University of Miami
摘要：Using personnel data from a large US retail firm, I examine the firm's response to the 1996 federal minimum wage increase. Compulsory increases in average wages had negative but statistically insignificant effects on overall employment. However, increases in the relative wages of teenagers led to significant increases in the relative employment of teenagers, especially younger and more affluent teenagers. Further analysis suggests a pattern consistent with noncompetitive models. Where the legi...
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作者：Heywood, John S.; Parent, Daniel
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作者：Jacob, Brian A.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In 2004, the Chicago Public Schools and the Chicago Teachers Union signed a new collective bargaining agreement that gave principals the flexibility to dismiss probationary teachers (those with fewer than 5 years of experience) for any reason and without the hearing process typical in many urban districts. Results suggest that the policy reduced annual teacher absences by roughly 10% and reduced the incidence of frequent absences by 25%. The majority of the effect was due to changes in the com...
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作者：Dahl, Christian M.; le Maire, Daniel; Munch, Jakob R.
作者单位：University of Southern Denmark; University of Copenhagen
摘要：This article studies how decentralization of wage bargaining from sector to firm level influences wage levels and wage dispersion. We use detailed panel data covering a period of decentralization in the Danish labor market. The decentralization process provides variation in the individual worker's wage-setting system that facilitates identification of the effects of decentralization. We find a wage premium associated with firm-level bargaining relative to sector-level bargaining and that the r...
