-
作者：DeVaro, Jed; Morita, Hodaka
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of internal promotion versus external recruitment, using a job-assignment model involving competing firms with heterogeneous productivities and two-level job hierarchies with one managerial position. The model predicts that, controlling for the number of managers, increasing the number of lower-level workers is associated with (1) greater internal promotion as opposed to external recruitment, (2) higher profit, and (3) more general training. Empi...
-
作者：Johnson, Matthew T.
摘要：In this article, I propose and estimate a dynamic model of education, borrowing, and work decisions of high school graduates. I examine the effect of relaxing borrowing constraints on educational attainment by simulating increases in the amount students are permitted to borrow from government-sponsored loan programs. My results indicate that borrowing constraints have a small impact on attainment: the removal of education-related borrowing constraints raises bachelor''s degree completion by 2....
-
作者：Yao, Yang; Zhong, Ninghua
作者单位：Peking University; Tongji University; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：Based on a survey of 1,268 firms in 12 cities, this article empirically studies unions' effects on worker welfare in China. Regressions carried out on a rich set of specifications show that unionization is significantly associated with higher hourly wages and larger pension coverage and weakly associated with lower monthly working hours. Further econometric analysis finds that unions promote individual and collective contracts. The effect of collective contracts vanishes when unions are presen...
-
作者：Gicheva, Dora
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro
摘要：This study establishes empirically a positive but nonlinear relationship between weekly hours and hourly wage growth. For workers who put in over 47 hours per week, 5 extra hours are associated with a 1% increase in annual wage growth. This correlation is not present when hours are lower. The relationship is especially strong for young professionals. Data on promotions provide evidence in support of a job-ladder model that combines higher skill sensitivity of output in higher-level jobs with h...
-
作者：Burke, Mary A.; Sass, Tim R.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston
摘要：We analyze the impact of classroom peers' ability (measured by their individual fixed effects) on student achievement for all Florida public school students in grades 3-10 over a 6-year period. We control for both student and teacher fixed effects, thereby alleviating biases due to endogenous assignment of both peers and teachers. Under linear-in-means specifications, estimated peer effects are small to nonexistent, but we find some sizable and significant peer effects within nonlinear models....
-
作者：Lundberg, Shelly
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Bergen
摘要：I examine the effects of cognitive ability and personality traits on college graduation in a recent cohort of young Americans, and how the returns to these traits vary by family background, and find very substantial differences across family background groups in the personality traits that predict successful completion of college, particularly for men. The implications are twofold. First, the returns to noncognitive traits may be highly context dependent. Second, policy discussion concerning e...
-
作者：Fu, Shihe; Ross, Stephen L.
作者单位：Xiamen University; University of Connecticut
摘要：This article tests whether the correlation between wages and concentration of employment can be explained by unobserved worker productivity. Residential location is used as a proxy for unobserved productivity, and average commute time to workplace is used to test whether location-based productivity differences are compensated away by longer commutes. Analyses using confidential data from the 2000 Decennial Census find that estimates of agglomeration wage premia within metropolitan areas are ro...
-
作者：Black, Sandra E.; Devereux, Paul J.; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University College Dublin; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Teenage peers are perceived as being important, but there is little conclusive evidence demonstrating this. This paper uses data on the population of Norway and idiosyncratic variation in cohort composition within schools to examine the role of peer composition in ninth grade on longer-run outcomes such as IQ scores, teenage childbearing, education, and labor market outcomes. We find that outcomes are influenced by the proportion of females in the grade, and these effects differ by gender. Ave...
-
作者：Ors, Evren; Palomino, Frederic; Peyrache, Eloic
作者单位：Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris
摘要：Using data for students undertaking a series of real-world academic examinations with high future payoffs, we examine whether the differences in these evaluations' competitive nature generate a performance gender gap. In the univariate setting we find that women's performance is first-order stochastically dominated by that of men when the competition is higher, whereas the reverse holds true in the less competitive or noncompetitive tests. These results are confirmed in the multivariate settin...
-
作者：Abraham, Katharine G.; Haltiwanger, John; Sandusky, Kristin; Spletzer, James R.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using a large data set that links individual Current Population Survey (CPS) records to employer-reported administrative data, we document substantial discrepancies in basic measures of employment status that persist even after controlling for known definitional differences between the two data sources. We hypothesize that reporting discrepancies should be most prevalent for marginal workers and for marginal or nonstandard jobs, and we find systematic associations between the incidence of repo...
