-
作者：Sogaard, Jakob Egholt
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：Using Danish administrative data, I investigate the magnitude and nature of optimization frictions in the labor market of Danish students. Danish students face a unique institutional setting that makes it possible to distinguish between different types of frictions and estimate their effect on individual utility. I find that frictions significantly affect observed labor market outcomes. In particular, the empirical evidence points to inattention as the dominant type of friction. In contrast, m...
-
作者：Deuchert, Eva; Eugster, Beatrix
作者单位：University of Fribourg; University of St Gallen
摘要：Disability insurance (DI) systems are widely criticized for their inherent work disincentives. This paper evaluates the effects of a Swiss DI reform that aims to lower DI benefits for a group of existing DI beneficiaries and introduces an additional level to the DI benefit schedule. The reform has only modest effects on earnings and employment but increases the disability degree of those threatened by a DI benefit decline. We estimate bounds on the income and substitution effects by employing ...
-
作者：Abrell, Jan; Kosch, Mirjam; Rausch, Sebastian
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper exploits the exogeneity of weather conditions to evaluate renewable energy (RE) subsidies in Germany and Spain in terms of their short-run direct program costs for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. We find that both aggregate costs and their distribution between energy producers and consumers vary significantly depending on which type of RE technology is promoted reflecting substantial heterogeneity in production costs, temporal availability of natural resources, and market conditi...
-
作者：Arni, Patrick; Schiprowski, Amelie
作者单位：University of Bristol; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：How effective are effort targets? This paper provides novel evidence on the effects of job search requirements on effort provision and labor market outcomes. Based on large-scale register data, we estimate the returns to required job search effort, instrumenting individual requirements with caseworker stringency. Identification is ensured by the conditional random assignment of job seekers to caseworkers. We find that the duration of un- and non-employment both decrease by 3% if the requiremen...
-
作者：Pique, Ricardo
作者单位：Toronto Metropolitan University
摘要：In this paper, I study how wages earned by local politicians affect local government quality. To identify the effects, I use caps imposed by the Peruvian central government on mayoral wages as an excluded instrument. The results show that mayoral wages do not improve government performance. In particular, there is a negative impact on public investment implementation and on performance goals set by the central government. Moreover, there is no evidence of a positive effect on politician select...
-
作者：Baltrunaite, Audinga; Casarico, Alessandra; Profeta, Paola; Savio, Giulia
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Universita della Svizzera Italiana
摘要：We study the effectiveness of a novel measure to reduce gender gaps in political empowerment: double preference voting conditioned on gender, coupled with gender quotas on candidate lists. This policy was introduced in 2012 in Italian municipal elections. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that the share of female councilors rises by 18 percentage points. The result is mainly driven by an increase in preference votes cast for female candidates, suggesting a salient role of double...
-
作者：Bol, Damien; Matakos, Konstantinos; Troumpounis, Orestis; Xefteris, Dimitrios
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of Padua; Lancaster University; University of Cyprus
摘要：How does electoral rule disproportionality affect the structure of the party system (i.e. the number and the policy platforms of the competing parties)? By studying a model where both party entry and platform choice are endogenous we are able to provide a unified theory: An increasing electoral rule disproportionality exhibits: a) a first-order negative effect on platform polarization, b) a second-order negative effect on the number of parties (as polarization decreases, centrist parties are s...
