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作者：Alix-Garcia, Jennifer M.; Sims, Katharine R. E.; Phaneuf, Daniel J.
作者单位：Oregon State University; Amherst College; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Cost-effective allocation of conditional cash transfers (CCT) requires identifying recipients with low opportunity costs who might change behavior. This paper develops a low-cost approach for improving program implementation by using a stated preference, referendum-style survey question to calculate willingness to accept (WTA) for CCT contracts. We illustrate this in the context of Mexico's Payments for Ecosystem Services Program, and find that the estimated social cost based on WTA is substan...
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作者：Mastrobuoni, Giovanni
作者单位：Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Turin; University of Essex
摘要：Little is known about the mechanisms through which additional police resources reduce crime. Criminals may perceive the increased risk of being caught and be deterred, or they may be arrested at higher rates; preventing them from committing additional crimes while incarcerated. This study sheds light on the mechanisms using individual-level crime data. It documents that shift changes of police patrols disrupt police activity and lower the likelihood of clearing crimes and arresting perpetrator...
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作者：Coate, Stephen; Milton, Ross T.
作者单位：Cornell University; Kansas State University
摘要：This paper studies optimal fiscal limits in the context of a simple political economy model. A politician chooses the level of taxation for a representative citizen but is biased in favor of higher taxes. A constitutional designer sets a tax limit before the citizen's preferred level of taxation is fully known. The politician is allowed to override the limit with the citizen's approval. The paper solves for the optimal limit and explains how it is impacted by the possibility of overrides. The ...
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作者：Meyer, Bruce D.; Mok, Wallace K. C.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：We study the well-being of disabled men and the economic benefits of disability insurance. Using longitudinal data for 1968-2015 for male household heads, we determine the prevalence of working-age disability, its association with a wide range of economic outcomes including, earnings, income, poverty, consumption, wealth and time-use. We disaggregate disabled men based on the persistence and severity of work-limiting conditions, and find that disability is common and associated with poor econo...
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作者：Remmerswaal, Minke; Boone, Jan; Bijlsma, Michiel; Douven, Rudy
作者单位：CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy; Tilburg University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：Since 2006, the Dutch population has faced two different cost-sharing schemes in health insurance for curative care: a mandatory rebate in 2006 and 2007, and a mandatory deductible since 2008. With administrative data for the entire Dutch population and using a difference-in-differences design, we compare the effect of these schemes on healthcare consumption. We draw upon a regression discontinuity design to extrapolate effects to the cut-off age 18 and incorporate the size of the cost-sharing...
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作者：Holladay, Scott; LaRiviere, Jacob; Novgorodsky, David; Price, Michael
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Microsoft; University of Chicago; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We report the results of a field experiment where we exogenously vary the use of social comparison nudges and subsidies for participation in an in-home energy audit program. We follow subjects through to subsequent purchase of durable goods. We therefore can compare the causal effect of financial incentives and nudges along two margins: audits, which we liken to search, and purchase of durables. Using data on nearly 100,000 households we document that both prices and nudges cause a statistical...
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作者：Pope, Nolan G.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：In August 2010, the Los Angeles Times publicly released value-added ratings for teachers and elementary schools in Los Angeles. Exploiting the release of these ratings as a natural experiment and using the timing of their release to account for regression to the mean, I find that low-rated teachers saw increases in their students' math and English test scores. High-rated teachers saw little to no change in their students' tests with the release of the ratings. These differential responses from...
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作者：Ginzburg, Boris; Guerra, Jose-Alberto
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：When do groups and societies choose to be uninformed? We study a committee that needs to vote on a reform which will give every member a private state-dependent payoff. The committee can vote to learn the state at no cost. We show that the committee votes not to learn the state whenever independent voters are more divided than partisans. This implies that groups with conflicting preferences tend to seek less information. A laboratory experiment shows that committees are substantially more like...
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作者：Jaakkola, Niko; Spiro, Daniel; van Benthem, Arthur A.
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Uppsala University; Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet); University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Natural resource taxation and investment often exhibit cyclical behavior, driving political turmoil and shifts in power. By way of a rational-expectations model under limited commitment, we show that cycles arise endogenously from the interaction between firms' investment decisions and government taxation. Large resource revenues induce a high tax, lowering exploration investment and thereby future findings. This later leads the government to reduce tax rates, inducing high investment and high...
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作者：Sadoff, Sally; Samek, Anya
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Southern California
摘要：A large literature examines the use of recipient contribution requirements in social programs to target people who most need and value aid. Yet little is known about public support for such requirements. In a field experiment with a nationally representative sample, we examine the effect of recipient contributions on charitable donations to a food aid program. The response to recipient monetary contributions is non-monotonic: donations increase when recipients make small monetary contributions...
