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作者：Oosterbeek, Hessel; Sovago, Sandor; van der Klaauw, Bas
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; University of Groningen; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：This paper examines heterogeneity of school preferences between ethnic and social groups and quantifies the importance of this heterogeneity for school segregation. We use rich data from the secondary-school match in Amsterdam. Our key findings are that heterogeneity of preferences for schools is substantial and that 40% of school segregation by ethnicity and close to 25% of school segregation by household income, can be attributed to it. Ability tracking is the other main determinant of schoo...
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作者：Rafkin, Charlie; Shreekumar, Advik; Vautrey, Pierre-Luc
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Governments often make early recommendations about issues that remain uncertain. Do governments' early positions affect how much people believe the latest recommendations? We investigate this question using an incentivized online experiment with 1900 US respondents in early April 2020. We present all participants with the latest CDC projection about coronavirus death counts. We randomize exposure to information that highlights how President Trump previously downplayed the coronavirus threat. W...
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作者：Kovac, Eugen; Schmidt, Robert C.
作者单位：University of Duisburg Essen; Fern University Hagen
摘要：We introduce a novel framework for analyzing coalition formation, applied to climate cooperation. Our model allows for multiple rounds of negotiations and is able to explain the formation of large coalitions. The incentive of each coalition member to join and subsequently to sign a long-term contract is to prevent inefficient delay that arises as soon as a single country deviates. This undermines the free-rider incentive that destabilizes large coalitions in static coalition formation games. T...
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作者：Abrams, David S.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Data from 25 large U.S. cities is assembled to estimate the impact of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime. There is a widespread immediate drop in both criminal incidents and arrests most heavily pronounced among drug crimes, theft, residential burglaries, and most violent crimes. The decline appears to precede stay-at-home orders, and arrests follow a similar pattern as reports. There is no decline in homicides and shootings, and an increase in non-residential burglary and car theft i...
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作者：Birinci, Serdar; Karahan, Fatih; Mercan, Yusuf; See, Kurt
作者单位：University of Melbourne; Bank of Canada
摘要：We study the positive and normative implications of labor market policies that counteract the economic fallout from containment measures during an epidemic. We incorporate a standard epidemiological model into an equilibrium search model of the labor market to compare unemployment insurance (UI) expansions and payroll subsidies. In isolation, payroll subsidies that preserve match capital and enable a swift economic recovery are preferred over a cost-equivalent UI expansion. When considered joi...
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作者：Crossley, Thomas F.; Fisher, Paul; Low, Hamish
作者单位：European University Institute; University of Essex; University of Oxford
摘要：Using new data from the first two waves of the Understanding Society COVID-19 Study collected in April and in May 2020 in the UK, we study the labour market shocks that individuals experienced in the first wave of the pandemic, and the steps they and their households took to cope with those shocks. Understanding Society is based on probability samples and the Covid-19 Study is constructed carefully to support valid population inferences. The Covid-19 Study collected novel data on the mitigatio...
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作者：Glogowsky, Ulrich
作者单位：Johannes Kepler University Linz
摘要：The desirability of inheritance and gift taxes depends on individuals' tax responsiveness. This paper demonstrates how strongly, and in what way, the German inheritance and gift tax influences taxpayer behavior. To that end, it combines administrative data with cross-bracket tax variation: a convex kink in the tax liability precedes a concave kink. Extending the bunching approach to such double-kinked tax schedules, I document that individuals tailor their taxable wealth transfers to the sched...
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作者：Cotofan, Maria
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Financial incentive programs for teachers are increasingly common, but little is known about the effectiveness of non-monetary incentives in improving educational outcomes. This field experiment measures how repeated public praise for the best teachers impacts student performance. In treated schools, the students of praised teachers perform better on standardized exams undertaken six months after the intervention. Praised teachers also assign higher marks to their students two months after the...
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作者：Fischer, Carolyn; Huebler, Michael; Schenker, Oliver
作者单位：The World Bank; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Ottawa; Resources for the Future; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Leibniz University Hannover; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Frankfurt School Finance & Management
摘要：A well-known principle in public economics states that at least as many policy instruments as market failures are required to achieve an efficient outcome. In practice, however, regulatory power is often constrained, making implementing the first-best policy portfolio difficult or impossible. We analyze analytically and numerically how available policy instruments should be adjusted vis-a-vis the first-best to account for under-internalized secondary market failures. Consider, for example, the...
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作者：Giesecke, Matthias; Jaeger, Philipp
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：We study the labor supply implications of the Old-Age Pension Act (OPA) of 1908, which, for the first time, provided pensions to older people in the UK. Using recently released census data covering the entire population, we exploit variation at the newly created age-based eligibility threshold. Our results show a considerable and abrupt decline in labor force participation of 6.0 percentage points (13%) when older workers reach the eligibility age of 70. To mitigate the impact of population ag...
