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作者：Knight, Brian; Tribin, Ana
作者单位：Brown University; Banco de la Republica Colombia
摘要：We investigate viewer responses to ideological changes in television programming induced by cadenas, unannounced government propaganda in Venezuela. The drop-off in ratings during cadenas is concentrated among viewers of news programming on opposition channels, relative to progovernment channels. Also, the drop-off in ratings for moderate channels takes an intermediate value. The drop-off is stronger for viewers with access to cable channels, which do not air cadenas and experience an increase...
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作者：Dilme, Francesc; Garrett, Daniel F.
作者单位：University of Bonn; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：Successes of law enforcement in apprehending offenders are often publicized events. Such events have been found to result in temporary reductions in offending, or residual deterrence. We provide a theory of residual deterrence that accounts for the incentives of both enforcement officials and potential offenders. We do so by introducing to a standard inspection framework costs that must be incurred to commence enforcement. Such costs in practice include hiring specialized staff, undertaking ta...
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作者：Mengel, Friederike; Sauermann, Jan; Zolitz, Ulf
作者单位：University of Essex; Lund University; Stockholm University; University of Zurich; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Maastricht University; Maastricht University
摘要：This paper provides new evidence on gender bias in teaching evaluations. We exploit a quasi-experimental dataset of 19,952 student evaluations of university faculty in a context where students are randomly allocated to female or male instructors. Despite the fact that neither students' grades nor self-study hours are affected by the instructor's gender, we find that women receive systematically lower teaching evaluations than their male colleagues. This bias is driven by male students' evaluat...
