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作者：Frimmel, Wolfgang; Halla, Martin; Paetzold, Joerg
作者单位：Johannes Kepler University Linz; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Salzburg University
摘要：Does tax evasion run in the family? To answer this question, we study the case of the commuter tax allowance in Austria. This allowance is designed as a step function of the distance between the residence and the workplace, creating sharp discontinuities at each bracket threshold. It turns out that the distance to the next higher bracket is a strong determinant of compliance. The match of different administrative data sources allows us to observe actual compliance behavior with little error at...
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作者：Hansman, Christopher; Hjort, Jonas; Leon, Gianmarco
作者单位：Imperial College London; Columbia University; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Industrial regulations are typically designed with a particular policy objective and set of firms in mind. When input-output linkages connect firms across sectors, such piecemeal regulations may worsen externalities elsewhere in the economy. Using daily administrative and survey data, we show that in Peru's industrial fishing sector, the world's largest, air pollution from downstream (fishmeal) manufacturing plants caused 55,000 additional respiratory hospital admissions per year as a conseque...
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作者：Fahn, Matthias; Merlo, Valeria; Wamser, Georg
作者单位：Johannes Kepler University Linz; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：Existing theories of a firm's optimal capital structure seem to fail in explaining why many healthy and profitable firms rely heavily on equity financing, even though benefits associated with debt (like tax shields) appear to be high and the bankruptcy risk low. This holds in particular for firms that show a strong commitment toward their workforce and are popular among employees. We demonstrate that such financing behavior may be driven by implicit arrangements made between a firm and its man...
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作者：Mrazova, Monika; Neary, J. Peter
作者单位：University of Geneva; University of Oxford
摘要：We characterize how firms select between alternative ways of serving a market. First-order selection effects, whether firms enter or not, are extremely robust. Second-order ones, how firms serve a market conditional on entry, are much less so: more efficient firms select the entry mode with lower market-access costs if firms' maximum profits are supermodular in production and market-access costs, but not necessarily otherwise. We derive microfoundations for supermodularity in a range of canoni...
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作者：Borra, Cristina; Gonzalez, Libertad; Sevilla, Almudena
作者单位：University of Sevilla; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：We take advantage of a unique natural experiment to provide new, credible evidence on the health consequences of scheduling birth early for non-medical reasons. In May 2010, the Spanish government announced that a (sic)2,500 universal baby bonus would stop being paid to babies born after December 31, 2010. Using administrative data from birth certificates and hospital records, we find that about 2,000 families shifted their date of birth from January 2011 to December 2010 (out of 9,000 weekly ...
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作者：Alan, Sule; Ertac, Seda
作者单位：University of Essex; Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University; Koc University
摘要：We evaluate the impact on competitiveness of a randomized educational intervention that aims to foster grit, a skill that is highly predictive of achievement. The intervention is implemented in elementary schools, and we measure its impact using a dynamic competition task with interim performance feedback. We find that when children are exposed to a worldview that emphasizes the role of effort in achievement and encourages perseverance, the gender gap in the willingness to compete disappears. ...
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作者：Hansman, Christopher; Hjort, Jonas; Leon, Gianmarco
作者单位：Imperial College London; Columbia University; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics
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作者：Charness, Gary; Grieco, Daniela
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Bocconi University
摘要：Creativity is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon with tremendous economic importance. Acrucial question for economists and for firms is the interplay of incentives and creativity. We present experiments where subjects face creativity tasks where, in one case, ex ante goals and constraints are imposed on their answers (closed tasks), and in the other case no restrictions apply (open tasks). The effect of tournament incentives on creativity is then tested. Our experimental findings provid...
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作者：Heblich, Stephan; Trew, Alex
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of St Andrews
摘要：We establish a causal role for banking access in the spread of the Industrial Revolution over the period 1817-1881 by exploiting unique employment data from 10,528 parishes across England and Wales and a novel instrument. We estimate that a one standard deviation increase in 1817 finance employment increases annualized industrial employment growth by 0.93 percentage points. We establish the role of structural transformation as an underlying growth mechanism and show that banking access: (i) in...
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作者：Bruhin, Adrian; Fehr, Ernst; Schunk, Daniel
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Zurich; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
摘要：We uncover heterogeneity in social preferences with a structural model that accounts for outcome-based and reciprocity-based social preferences and assigns individuals to endogenously determined preferences types. We find that neither at the aggregate level nor when we allow for several distinct preference types do purely selfish types emerge, suggesting that other-regarding preferences are the rule and not the exception. There are three temporally stable other-regarding types. When ahead, all...
