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作者：Pasquale, Frank
作者单位：Cornell University
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作者：Coen, David; Katsaitis, Alexander; Vannoni, Matia
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Stockholm University
摘要：Lobbying has never been as sophisticated, complex, and well-funded as it is today. Significantly, interest group strategies are more advanced than the regulatory practices meant to contain them. This raises concerns about states' ability to resist unwanted influence from interest groups. How can government regulations be brought up to speed to address 21st-century lobbying practices? We argue that there are three critical dimensions to focus on: (i) regulatory consolidation; (ii) system intero...
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作者：Chen, Wanyi; Hu, Ning; Sun, Zhengjie; Zhang, Yiling
作者单位：Shanghai University
摘要：This study finds that the greater the pressure of regional competition, the more likely auditors are to issue aggressive audit reports that could damage audit quality. This phenomenon exists mainly in the increasing number of small audit offices in the same region. However, the increasing number of local Big 6 audit offices positively impacts audit quality. Furthermore, individual interviews and penalties on auditors by government agencies can effectively mitigate the negative impact of region...
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作者：Laux, Johann; Wachter, Sandra; Mittelstadt, Brent
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：In its AI Act, the European Union chose to understand trustworthiness of AI in terms of the acceptability of its risks. Based on a narrative systematic literature review on institutional trust and AI in the public sector, this article argues that the EU adopted a simplistic conceptualization of trust and is overselling its regulatory ambition. The paper begins by reconstructing the conflation of trustworthiness with acceptability in the AI Act. It continues by developing a prescriptive set of ...
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作者：Elliott, Christian; Janzwood, Amy; Bernstein, Steven; Hoffmann, Matthew
作者单位：University of Toronto; McGill University; McGill University; University of Toronto; University Toronto Scarborough
摘要：In its 20 years of operation, the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) has been enormously successful as a private governor of corporate climate risk disclosure. Despite an influx of potentially competitive government-led disclosure initiatives and interventions, the use of CDP's platform has nonetheless accelerated. To explain this outcome, we argue that public interventions augment the value of private governance for firms when the costs of compliance overlap, benefits of compliance with private ...
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作者：Franchino, Fabio; Migliorati, Marta; Pagano, Giovanni; Vignoli, Valerio
作者单位：University of Milan; University of Malta
摘要：Scholars employ two main measures of the executive constraints embedded in European Union laws: one is based on the variation in the use of different types of restrictions, and the second is based on the frequency of such use. They reflect two alternative conceptualizations of bureaucratic control. We label them, respectively, as the toolbox perspective and the design perspective. We illustrate that the constraint frequency measure poses fewer validity problems in estimating legislators' inten...
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作者：Jankauskas, Vytautas; Knill, Christoph; Bayerlein, Louisa
作者单位：Zeppelin University; University of Munich; European University Institute; Zeppelin University
摘要：Principal-agent theorizing is based on the idea of a linear inverse relationship between principal control and agency slack: the higher the control over the agent, the less likely is the agent to slack. In this paper, we challenge this assumption by explicitly taking the varying nature of agents into account. While control may reduce the agent's room for maneuver, it does not explain the extent to which different agents are inclined to put efforts in circumventing these obstacles. Focusing on ...
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作者：DeSombre, Elizabeth R.; Knudsen, Jette Steen; Elder, Molly
作者单位：Wellesley College; Tufts University; Tufts University; Tufts University
摘要：Focusing on 23 greening measures, this paper systematically compares the greening efforts of the busiest container and cargo ports in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). We move beyond accounts for general environmental differences between the EU and the US to examine how specific environmental decisions are shaped by the effects of regulatory characteristics in each region. We identify systematic variation in number and type of port greening measures adopted in the two regions...
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作者：Ignacio Gonzalez, Camilo; Peci, Alketa
作者单位：University of Antwerp; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：Over the past three decades the Latin American region has experienced various regulatory reforms, and distinctive normative changes have been introduced in the framework, instruments, or procedures adopted by independent regulatory agencies (IRAs). While there is evidence that the establishment of an IRA positively affects regulated sector performance, little is known about the effects of these additional legal dispositions when incorporated in primary or secondary legislation. However, normat...
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作者：Wang, Heng; Gao, Simin
作者单位：Singapore Management University; University of New South Wales Sydney; Tsinghua University; Singapore Management University
摘要：Central bank digital currency (CBDC) is a digital form of fiat currency. CBDC has the potential to be a game challenger in the international financial system, bringing increased complexities arising from technology and regulatory considerations, as well as generating greater currency competition. As more states begin exploring CBDC, the interactions between actors may lead to the emergence of a new CBDC network. What shape would the emerging CBDC network take? What would its network effects be...
