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作者：Sin, Isabelle; Stillman, Steven; Fabling, Richard
作者单位：Free University of Bozen-Bolzano; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：As in other OECD countries, women in New Zealand earn substantially less than men with similar observable characteristics. In this paper, we use fifteen years of linked employer-employee data to examine different explanations for this gender wage gap. We find an overall gender wage gap between 20% and 28%, of which gender differences in sorting across occupations explain 9%, across industries 16% to 19%, and across firms 5% to 9%, respectively. The remaining within-firm gender wage gap is stil...
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作者：Hausman, Naomi
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This paper identifies the extent to which knowledge from U.S. universities drives industry agglomeration. Establishment-level data indicate faster growth in employment, wages, and corporate innovation after the 1980 Bayh-Dole Act's shock to the spread of innovation from universities in industries more closely related to the nearby university's innovative strengths. Federal research funding amplified the effect. University knowledge spillovers strengthen with geographic proximity, density, and ...
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作者：Shem-Tov, Yotam
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Most criminal defendants cannot afford to hire an attorney. To provide constitutionally mandated legal services, states commonly use either private court-appointed attorneys or a public defender organization. This paper investigates the relative efficacy of these two modes of indigent defense by comparing outcomes of codefendants assigned to different types of attorneys within the same case. Using data from San Francisco, I show that in multiple defendant cases, public defender assignment is p...
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作者：Baumeister, Christiane; Korobilis, Dimitris; Lee, Thomas K.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Glasgow
摘要：We evaluate alternative indicators of global economic activity and other market fundamentals in terms of their usefulness for forecasting real oil prices and global petroleum consumption. World industrial production is one of the most useful indicators. However, by combining measures from several different sources, we can do even better. Our analysis results in a new index of global economic conditions and measures for assessing future energy demand and oil price pressures. We illustrate their...
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作者：Gautier, Erwan; Le Bihan, Herve
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of France; Banco de Espana
摘要：Sectoral heterogeneity matters for monetary policy. Using CPI microdata, we estimate for 227 products a time-varying menu-cost model to investigate the quantitative relevance of this heterogeneity. We find a substantial degree of cross-sectoral heterogeneity in all structural parameters. Heterogeneity in the Calvo component of the pricing friction is, however, the main source of heterogeneity in price rigidity. Cross-sectoral heterogeneity amplifies the output effect of a monetary shock by a f...
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作者：Cervellati, Matteo; Esposito, Elena; Sunde, Uwe
作者单位：University of Bologna; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Munich
摘要：This paper presents the first systematic investigation of the effect of epidemic shocks on civil violence. The identification exploits exogenous within cell x year variation in conditions that are suitable for malaria transmission using a panel database with month-by-month variation at a resolution of 1 degrees x1 degrees latitude/longitude for Africa. Suitable conditions increase civil violence in areas with populations susceptible to epidemic outbreaks. The effect is immediate, related to th...
