-
作者：Galletta, Sergio; Giommoni, Tommaso
作者单位：University of Bergamo; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：We estimate the effect of the 1918 influenza pandemic on income inequality in Italian municipalities. Our identification strategy exploits the exogenous diffusion of influenza across municipalities due to the presence of infected soldiers on leave from World War I operations. The measures of income inequality come from newly digitized historical administrative records on taxpayer incomes. We show that in the short and medium run, income inequality is higher in municipalities more afflicted by ...
-
作者：Londono-Velez, Juliana; Querubin, Pablo
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; New York University
摘要：We study the impact of money on households during the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, Colombia rolled out a new unconditional cash transfer (UCT) to 1 million households in poverty worth US$19 (PPP US$55.6) and paid every five to eight weeks. Using a randomized control trial and linked administrative and survey data, we find the UCT had positive (albeit modest) effects on measures of household well-being (e.g., financial health, food access). Moreover, the UCT boosted support for emergency a...
-
作者：Friedrich, Benjamin U.
作者单位：Aarhus University; Northwestern University
摘要：This paper shows robust effects of trade shocks on within-firm wage inequality through changes in firm hierarchies. It uses two distinct research designs-one considering firm-level shocks to foreign demand and transportation costs, the other analyzing the Muslim boycott of Danish exports after the 2006 cartoon crisis. Consistent with knowledge-based and incentive-based hierarchy models, trade shocks affect organizational choices through production scale. Adding a hierarchy layer increases ineq...
-
作者：Arora, Ashna
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：This paper evaluates the effects of encouraging the selection of local politicians in India via community consensus, as opposed to a secret ballot election. Using village-level data on candidates, elected politicians, government budgets, and workfare employment, I show that incentives for consensus elections lead to politicians who are more educated but less likely to be drawn from historically marginalized castes and increase how regressively workfare employment is targeted. These results are...
-
作者：Schnitzer, Monika; Watzinger, Martin
作者单位：University of Munich; University of Munster
摘要：This paper shows that venture capital investment in start-ups increases innovation of established companies in technologically related fields due to knowledge spillovers. To address endogeneity issues, we instrument R&D expenditures of established companies with state-level R&D tax credits (Bloom, Schankerman, & Van Reenen, 2013) and venture capital investment with past fundraising of private equity buyout funds (Nanda & Rhodes-Kropf, 2013). Exploring the mechanism, we show that the patents of...
-
作者：Christensen, Peter; Sarmiento-Barbieri, Ignacio; Timmins, Christopher
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Duke University
摘要：Local pollution exposures have a disproportionate impact on minority households, but the root causes remain unclear. This study conducts a correspondence experiment on a major online housing platform to test whether housing discrimination constrains minority access to housing options in markets with significant sources of airborne chemical toxics. We find that renters with African American or Hispanic/Latinx names are 41% less likely than renters with white names to receive responses for prope...
-
作者：Gine, Xavier; Mansuri, Ghazala; Shrestha, Slesh A.
作者单位：The World Bank; National University of Singapore
摘要：We assess the role of monetary incentives in a mission-oriented organization by randomly assigning workers to one of two bonus schemes, incentivizing either the performance of a microcredit program (bottom line) or the empowerment of clients (mission). We find that the credit bonus improved credit-related outcomes but undermined the social mission, while the social bonus did not harm the bottom line. These results are consistent with a multitasking model with production spillovers or with pros...
-
作者：Daysal, N. Meltem; Simonsen, Marianne; Trandafir, Mircea; Breining, Sanni
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Aarhus University; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：We investigate the effects of early-life medical treatments on the treated children and their families. We use a regression discontinuity design that exploits changes in medical treatments across the very low birth weight (VLBW) cutoff. Using administrative data from Denmark, we establish that VLBW children have better health and higher test scores. We find that these benefits spill over to other family members: mothers enjoy better mental health, and siblings have higher test scores. Maternal...
-
作者：Levin, Dan; Zhang, Luyao
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Duke Kunshan University
摘要：We introduce NLK, a model that connects the Nash equilibrium (NE) and level-k. It allows a player in a game to believe that her opponent may be either less or as sophisticated as she is, a view supported in psychology. We apply NLK to data from five published papers on static, dynamic, and auction games. NLK provides different predictions from those of the NE and level-k; moreover, a simple version of NLK explains the experimental data better in many cases, with the same or fewer parameters. W...
-
作者：Cortes, Kristle R.; Glover, Andrew; Tasci, Murat
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Kansas City; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Cleveland
摘要：Over the past fifteen years, eleven states have restricted employers' access to the credit reports of job applicants. We estimate that county-level job vacancies have fallen by 5.5% in occupations affected by these laws relative to exempt occupations in the same counties and national-level vacancies for the same occupations. Cross-sectional heterogeneity suggests that employers use credit reports as signals of a worker's ability to perform the job: vacancies fall more in counties with a large ...
