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作者：Zrill, Lanny
作者单位：Carleton University
摘要：Simple functional forms for utility require restrictive structural assumptions that are often contrary to observed behavior. Even so, they are widely used in applied economic research. I address this issue using a two-part adaptive experimental design to compare the predictions of a popular parametric model of decision making under risk to those of non-parametric bounds on indifference curves. Interpreting the latter as an approximate upper bound, I find the parametric model sacrifices very li...
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作者：Sant'Anna, Marcelo
摘要：Biofuels offer one approach for reducing carbon emissions. However, the necessary agricultural expansion may endanger tropical forests. I use a dynamic model of land use to disentangle the roles of acreage and yields in the supply of sugarcane ethanol in Brazil. The model is estimated using remote sensing (satellite) information of sugarcane activities. Estimates imply that, at the margin, 92% of new ethanol comes from increases in area and only 8% from increases in yield. Direct deforestation...
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作者：van den Bijgaart, Inge; Cerruti, Davide
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：We evaluate the effect of vehicle recalls on vehicle transactions in the second-hand market. Using a rich data set of Dutch vehicle registrations, we exploit the quasiexperimental variation in recalls across nearly identical cars. We find strong heterogeneities across market segments: transactions increased for cars with lower listed price or with defects, and decreased for those with higher price or no defects. Based on our theoretical model, this suggests that recalls increase sorting in low...
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作者：Almunia, Miguel; Hjort, Jonas; Knebelmann, Justine; Tian, Lin
作者单位：CUNEF Universidad; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of London; University College London; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); INSEAD Business School
摘要：Are firms sophisticated maximizers, or do they appear to make mistakes? Using transaction data from Ugandan value-added tax returns, we show that sellers and buyers report different amounts 79% of the time, despite invoices being easily cross-checked. Our estimates suggest that most firms are advantageous misreporters, but that 25% are disadvantageous misreporters who systematically overreport own sales minus purchases such that their tax liability increases. Similarly, many firms-especially d...
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作者：Kumar, Saten; Wesselbaum, Dennis
作者单位：Auckland University of Technology; University of Otago
摘要：We use novel survey data to study firms' inventory contracts. We document facts about the usage of purchase and sale contracts. We find that firms purchase and sell inventory through three contractual arrangements: fixed price and quantity, fixed price only, and fixed quantity only. Those using fixed price and quantity hold the largest share of contracts. The average duration of purchase contracts is not very different from the average duration of sale contracts. We then find that the upward b...
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作者：Cohen, Alma; Neeman, Zvika; Auferoth, Florian
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：We study the circumstances under which public pressure affects judging. We show that crowd pressure biases decisions in favor of the crowd for subjective decisions with respect to which the judge has more discretion but not for objective decisions. The bias is strengthened after a judge's error against the crowd and when errors are costlier to the crowd. We use data about referees' decisions and errors from the Bundesliga. We exploit three regimes where, due to the introduction of Video Assist...
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作者：Chu, Yu-Wei Luke; Cuffe, Harold E.
作者单位：Victoria University Wellington
摘要：We estimate the effects of student loan access on educational attainment and labor market returns in New Zealand. We exploit the introduction of a national policy mandating a 50% pass rate for student loan renewals using a regression discontinuity design. Retaining loan access increases reenrollment for students around the threshold, and a majority eventually graduate with a bachelor's degree within seven years. We find that retaining student loan access leads to large labor market returns for...
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作者：Miller, Helen; Pope, Thomas; Smith, Kate
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London
摘要：We use newly linked tax records to show that the large responses of UK company owner-managers to personal taxes are due to intertemporal income shifting and not to reductions in real business activity. Around half of this shifting is short-term and helps prevent volatile incomes being taxed more heavily under progressive personal taxes. The remainder reflects systemic profit retention over long periods to take advantage of lower tax rates, including preferential treatment of capital gains. We ...
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作者：Ager, Philipp; Eriksson, Katherine; Karger, Ezra; Nencka, Peter; Thomasson, Melissa A.
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of California System; University of California Davis; Stellenbosch University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University System of Ohio; Miami University
摘要：During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic, many local authorities made the controversial decision to close schools. We use newly digitized data from newspaper archives on the length of school closures for 165 large U.S. cities during the 1918-1919 flu pandemic to assess the long-run consequences of closing schools on children. We find that the closures had no detectable impact on children's school attendance in 1920, nor on their educational attainment and adult labor market outcomes in 1940. We...
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作者：Fetzer, Thiemo; Kyburz, Stephan
作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Bern
摘要：Can revenue sharing of resource rents be a source of distributive conflict? Can cohesive institutions avoid such conflicts? We exploit exogenous variation in local government revenues and new data on local democratic institutions in Nigeria to study these questions. We find a strong link between rents and conflict. Conflicts are highly organized and concentrated in districts and time periods with unelected local governments. Once local governments are elected these relationships are much weake...
