Judging under Public Pressure

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Cohen, Alma; Neeman, Zvika; Auferoth, Florian
• 署名单位: Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
• 刊物名称: REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0034-6535
• DOI: 10.1162/rest_a_01141
• 发表日期: 2024-01
• 页码: 151-166
• 关键词: home advantage; referee bias; english; favoritism

摘要

We study the circumstances under which public pressure affects judging. We show that crowd pressure biases decisions in favor of the crowd for subjective decisions with respect to which the judge has more discretion but not for objective decisions. The bias is strengthened after a judge's error against the crowd and when errors are costlier to the crowd. We use data about referees' decisions and errors from the Bundesliga. We exploit three regimes where, due to the introduction of Video Assistance Refereeing (VAR) and COVID-19, both crowd pressure and the likelihood of errors vary.