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作者：Costa, Francisco; Nunes, Leticia; Sanches, Fabio Miessi
作者单位：University of Delaware; Getulio Vargas Foundation; Insper; BI Norwegian Business School
摘要：This paper exploits location choices of all generalist physicians who graduated in Brazil between 2001 and 2013 to study policies aimed at increasing the supply of physicians in underserved areas. We set up and estimate a supply and demand model for physicians. We estimate physicians' locational preferences using a random coefficients discrete choice model. The demand has private establishments competing for physicians with private and public facilities around the country. Policy counterfactua...
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作者：Friedberg, Leora; Isaac, Elliott
作者单位：University of Virginia; Tulane University
摘要：The U.S. income tax code encourages marriage for some and discourages marriage for others, but same-sex couples were only recently exposed to these incentives. We estimate marriage responses by exploiting variation in the recognition of same-sex marriages for tax purposes versus earlier papers leveraging smaller changes. Using the American Community Survey, which reports cohabitation and marriage, we estimate a significant though very small marriage elasticity, with further analysis suggesting...
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作者：de Andersen, Henrik Y.; Bech, Stine Ludvig; De Stefani, Alessia
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：We study how homeowners' consumption responds to a negative and anticipated disposable income shock: the beginning of the amortization period on interest-only mortgages. We identify spending behavior through an event study approach, by matching loan-level data that covers the universe of Danish mortgages to detailed administrative registries on borrowers. In response to an average increase in installments worth 9% of income, consumption drops by 3% of income, when amortization begins. The redu...
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作者：Lu, Yao; Shi, Xinzheng; Sivadasan, Jagadeesh; Xu, Zhufeng
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Central University of Finance & Economics
摘要：We collect worker month-level panel data from two companies in Beijing for a two-year period before and after the opening of a nearby subway station, which significantly improved public transportation commutes for some workers. We find a significant difference-in-differences increase (12.6% of the standard deviation) in bonus pay, which is strongly correlated to worker-level performance measures, for affected workers relative to unaffected coworkers. We find no evidence that the improved perfo...
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作者：Bonilla-Mejia, Leonardo; Morales, Juan S.
作者单位：Banco de la Republica Colombia
摘要：This paper studies the executive-legislative exchange of centrally allocated benefits (jam) for legislative support in Colombia using data from road building projects, legislative roll-call votes, and a leaked database which uncovered the assignment of road contracts to individual legislators. We draw hypotheses from a model in which an executive spreads jam to sway legislators. We document that assigned projects had excess costs, legislators targeted were more likely to be swing voters in con...
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作者：Angrist, Joshua; Hull, Peter; Pathak, Parag A.; Walters, Christopher
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Brown University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We introduce two empirical strategies harnessing the randomness in school assignment mechanisms to measure school value-added. The first estimator controls for the probability of school assignment, treating take-up as ignorable. We test this assumption using randomness in assignments. The second approach uses assignments as instrumental variables (IVs) for low-dimensional models of value-added and forms empirical Bayes posteriors from these IV estimates. Both strategies solve the underidentifi...
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作者：Andrew, Alison; Vera-Hernandez, Marcos
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：If overcrowding harms health care quality, the impacts of encouraging more people to use services are not obvious. Impacts will depend on whether marginal entrants benefit and whether they benefit enough to offset the congestion externalities imposed on inframarginal users. We develop a general-equilibrium model that formalizes these ideas. We examine them empirically by studying JSY, a program in India that paid women to give birth in medical facilities. We find evidence that JSY increased pe...
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作者：Abarcar, Paolo; Theoharides, Caroline
摘要：We exploit changes in U.S. visa policies for nurses to measure the origin-country human capital response to international migration opportunities. Combining data on all migrant departures and postsecondary institutions in the Philippines, we show that nursing enrollment and graduation increased substantially in response to greater U.S. demand for nurses. The supply of nursing programs expanded. Nurse quality, measured by licensure exam pass rates, declined. Despite this, for each nurse migrant...
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作者：Behrens, Kristian; Boualam, Brahim; Martin, Julien; Mayneris, Florian
作者单位：University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Statistics Canada
摘要：Little is known about where hotspots of gentrification emerge within a city and the role that some types of businesses play in the process. We develop a method to detect the sectors whose presence heralds the process of gentrification in a neighborhood. We show that these sectors, mostly found in cultural and creative industries, help to anticipate neighborhood change and that their predictive power complements that of traditional gentrification determinants. We also examine mechanisms related...
