-
作者：Vaughan, Timothy G.; Scire, Jeremie; Nadeau, Sarah A.; Stadler, Tanja
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
摘要：We estimate the basic reproductive number and case counts for 15 distinct Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks, distributed across 11 populations (10 countries and one cruise ship), based solely on phylodynamic analyses of genomic data. Our results indicate that, prior to significant public health interventions, the reproductive numbers for 10 (out of 15) of these outbreaks are similar, with median posterior estimates ranging between 1.4 and 2.8. These estimat...
-
作者：Abe, Yohei; Kofman, Eric R.; Ouyang, Zhengyu; Cruz-Becerra, Grisel; Spann, Nathanael J.; Seidman, Jason S.; Troutman, Ty D.; Stender, Joshua D.; Taylor, Havilah; Fan, Weiwei; Link, Verena M.; Shen, Zeyang; Sakai, Juro; Downes, Michael; Evans, Ronald M.; Kadonaga, James T.; Rosenfeld, Michael G.; Glass, Christopher K.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Salk Institute; University of Munich; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Tokyo; Tohoku University
摘要：The nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) forms a complex with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) that mediates repressive functions of unliganded nuclear receptors and other transcriptional repressors by deacetylation of histone substrates. Recent studies provide evidence that NCoR/HDAC3 complexes can also exert coactivator functions in brown adipocytes by deacetylating and activating PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1 alpha) and that signaling via receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa -B (RA...
-
作者：Gao, Shuliang; Guan, Huiwen; Bloomer, Hanan; Wich, Douglas; Song, Donghui; Khirallah, Jennifer; Ye, Zhongfeng; Zhao, Yu; Chen, Mengting; Xu, Chutian; Liu, Lihan; Xu, Qiaobing
作者单位：Tufts University
摘要：Genomic DNA of the cyanophage S -2L virus is composed of 2- aminoadenine (Z), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), forming the genetic alphabet ZTGC, which violates Watson-Crick base pairing rules. The Z -base has an extra amino group on the two position that allows the formation of a third hydrogen bond with thymine in DNA strands. Here, we explored and expanded applications of this non- Watson-Crick base pairing in protein expression and gene editing. Both ZTGC-DNA (Z -DNA) and ZUGC-R...
-
作者：van Nes, Egbert H.; Pujoni, Diego G. F.; Shetty, Sudarshan A.; Straatsma, Gerben; de Vos, Willem M.; Scheffer, Marten
作者单位：Wageningen University & Research; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Wageningen University & Research; University of Helsinki
摘要：Using data from a wide range of natural communities including the human micro -biome, plants, fish, mushrooms, rodents, beetles, and trees, we show that universally just a few percent of the species account for most of the biomass. This is in line with the classical observation that the vast bulk of biodiversity is very rare. Attempts to find traits allowing the tiny fraction of abundant species to escape rarity have remained unsuccessful. Here, we argue that this might be explained by the fac...
-
作者：Van Speybroeck, Veronique
作者单位：Ghent University
-
作者：Bilodeau, Blair; Jaques, Natasha; Koh, Pang Wei; Kim, Been
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Alphabet Inc.; DeepMind
摘要：Despite a sea of interpretability methods that can produce plausible explanations, the field has also empirically seen many failure cases of such methods. In light of these results, it remains unclear for practitioners how to use these methods and choose between them in a principled way. In this paper, we show that for moderately rich model classes (easily satisfied by neural networks), any feature attribution method that is complete and linear-for example, Integrated Gradients and Shapley Add...
-
作者：Oikonomou, Vasileios K.; Huerta, Miriam; Sandehn, Alexandra; Dreier, Till; Daguerre, Yohann; Lim, Hyungwoo; Berggren, Magnus; Pavlopoulou, Eleni; Nasholm, Torgny; Bech, Martin; Stavrinidou, Eleni
作者单位：Linkoping University; Linkoping University; Lund University; Umea University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Foundation for Research & Technology - Hellas (FORTH)
摘要：Active hydroponic substrates that stimulate on demand the plant growth have not been demonstrated so far. Here, we developed the eSoil, a low -power bioelectronic growth scaffold that can provide electrical stimulation to the plants' root system and growth environment in hydroponics settings. eSoil's active material is an organic mixed ionic electronic conductor while its main structural component is cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer. We demonstrate that barley seedlings that are widely ...
-
作者：Sinha, Ritam; LeVeque, Rhiannon M.; Callahan, Sean M.; Chatterjee, Shramana; Stopnisek, Nejc; Kuipel, Matti; Johnson, Jeremiah G.; DiRita, Victor J.
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Michigan State University; University of Pennsylvania; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW)
摘要：How the microaerobic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni establishes its niche and expands in the gut lumen during infection is poorly understood. Using 6 -wk -old ferrets as a natural disease model, we examined this aspect of C. jejuni pathogenicity. Unlike mice, which require significant genetic or physiological manipulation to become colonized with C. jejuni, ferrets are readily infected without the need to disarm the immune system or alter the gut microbiota. Disease after C. jejuni infection in...
-
作者：Yu, Jingyi; Zhang, Yao; Cosgrove, Daniel J.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Huazhong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Plant epidermal cell walls maintain the mechanical integrity of plants and restrict organ growth. Mechanical analyses can give insights into wall structure and are inputs for mechanobiology models of plant growth. To better understand the intrinsic mechan-ics of epidermal cell walls and how they may accommodate large deformations during growth, we analyzed a geometrically simple material, onion epidermal strips consisting of only the outer (periclinal) cell wall, -7 mu m thick. With uniaxial s...
-
作者：Zhang, Yiming; Zhang, Haotian; Wu, Yufeng
作者单位：University of Connecticut
摘要：The genome of an individual from an admixed population consists of segments originated from different ancestral populations. Most existing ancestry inference approaches focus on calling these segments for the extant individual. In this paper, we present a general ancestry inference approach for inferring recent ancestors from an extant genome. Given the genome of an individual from a recently admixed population, our method can estimate the proportions of the genomes of the recent ancestors of ...
