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作者：Shen, Chih-hao Howard; Komi, Yusuke; Nakagawa, Yoshiko; Kamatari, Yuji O.; Nomura, Takashi; Kimura, Hiromi; Shida, Toshinobu; Burke, John; Tamai, Shingo; Ishida, Yasuhiro; Tanaka, Motomasa
作者单位：RIKEN; Institute of Science Tokyo; Gifu University; RIKEN; Gifu University
摘要：The dynamic balance between formation and disaggregation of amyloid fibrils is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple chaperones interact with and disaggregate amyloid fibrils, which impacts amyloid propagation and cellular phenotypes. However, it remains poorly understood whether and how site- specific binding of chaperones to amyloids facilitates the concerted disaggregation process and modulates physiological consequences in vivo. Here, we identified binding sites of Ssa1...
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作者：Lie-Panis, Julien; Fitouchi, Leo; Baumard, Nicolas; Andre, Jean-Baptiste
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：Institutions allow cooperation to persist when reciprocity and reputation provide insufficient incentives. Yet how they do so remains unclear, especially given that institutions are themselves a form of cooperation. To solve this puzzle, we develop a mathematical model of reputation-based cooperation in which two social dilemmas are nested within one another. The first dilemma, characterized by high individual costs or insufficient monitoring, cannot be solved by reputation alone. The second d...
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作者：Zhao, Liang; Gulati, Paarth; Caballero, Fernando; Kolvin, Itamar; Adkins, Raymond; Marchetti, M. Cristina; Dogic, Zvonimir
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Brandeis University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Yale University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：We study the structure and dynamics of the interface separating a passive fluid from a microtubule-based active fluid. Turbulent-like active flows power giant interfacial fluctuations, which exhibit pronounced asymmetry between regions of positive and negative curvature. Experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical arguments reveal how the interface breaks up the spatial symmetry of the fundamental bend instability to generate local vortical flows that lead to asymmetric interface fluct...
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作者：Lopez-Goldar, Xose; Zhang, Xuening; Hastings, Amy P.; Duplais, Christophe; Agrawal, Anurag A.
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; Cornell University
摘要：Multiple hypotheses have been put forth to understand why defense chemistry in individual plants is so diverse. A major challenge has been teasing apart the importance of concentration vs. composition of defense compounds and resolving the mechanisms of diversity effects that determine plant resistance against herbivores. Accordingly, we first outline nonexclusive mechanisms by which phytochemical diversity may increase toxicity of a mixture compared to the average effect of each compound alon...
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作者：Henze, Erik; Ehrlich, Jacqueline J.; Robertson, Janice L.; Gelsleichter, Eric; Kawate, Toshimitsu
作者单位：Cornell University; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Pannexin 1 (Panx1) constitutes a large pore channel responsible for the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from apoptotic cells. Strong evidence indicates that caspase- mediated cleavage of the C- terminus promotes the opening of the Panx1 channel by unplugging the pore. However, this simple pore- plugging mechanism alone cannot account for the observation that a Panx1 construct ending before the caspase cleavage site remains closed. Here, we show that a helical region located immediately...
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作者：Hussain, Saad; Suda, Hiraku; Nguyen, Christine H.; Yan, Dawei; Toyota, Masatsugu; Yoshioka, Keiko; Nambara, Eiji
作者单位：University of Toronto; Saitama University; Agriculture & Agri Food Canada; Suntory Holdings Ltd; Huazhong Agricultural University; University of Toronto
摘要：Plants need to adapt to fluctuating atmospheric humidity and respond to both high and low humidity. Despite our substantial understanding of plant responses to low humidity, molecular mechanisms underlying the high humidity (HH) response are much less well understood. In this study, we investigated early responses to HH in Arabidopsis. Expression of CYP707A3, encoding an abscisic acid (ABA) 8 '- hydroxylase, is induced by HH within 10 min, which leads to a decrease in foliar ABA level. We iden...
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作者：Yang, Hao; Sharma, Ajay; Daly, Michael J.; Hoffman, Brian M.
作者单位：Northwestern University; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences - USA; Northwestern University
摘要：Mn2+ coordinated by orthophosphate (Pi), metabolites, or peptides acts as a superoxide dismutase (SOD), and these Mn antioxidant complexes are universally accumulated in extremely radiation- resistant cell types across the tree of life. This behavior prompted design of decapeptide DP1 (DEHGTAVMLK) as a Mn2+ ligand, and development of a highly potent Mn2+- antioxidant (MDP) containing [Pi] = 25 mM, and [DP1] = 3 mM, the ratio found in the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, with [...
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作者：Roh, Jae Won; Gee, Heon Yung; Wainger, Brian; Kim, Woo Kyung; Lee, Wook; Nam, Joo Hyun
作者单位：Yonsei University; Yonsei University Health System; Dongguk University; Dongguk University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Dongguk University; Kangwon National University
摘要：TMEM16A is a calcium- activated chloride channel with significant role in epithelial fluid secretion, sensory transduction, and smooth muscle contraction. Several TMEM16A inhibitors have been identified; however, their binding sites and inhibitory mechanisms remain unclear. Using magnolol and honokiol, the two regioisomeric inhibitors, as chemical probes, we have identified a drug- binding site distinct from the pore region, in TMEM16A, which is described here. With electrophysiology, unbiased...
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作者：Pillay, Rajeev; Watson, James E. M.; Hansen, Andrew J.; Burns, Patrick; Virnig, Anne Lucy Stilger; Supples, Christina; Armenteras, Dolors; Gonzalez-del-Pliegoh, Pamela; Aragon-Osejo, Jose; Jantz, Patrick A.; Ervin, Jamison; Goetz, Scott J.; Venter, Oscar
作者单位：University of Northern British Columbia; University of Queensland; University of Queensland; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; Northern Arizona University; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; University of Evora
摘要：Structurally intact native forests free from major human pressures are vitally important habitats for the persistence of forest biodiversity. However, the extent of such high- integrity forest habitats remaining for biodiversity is unknown. Here, we quantify the amount of high- integrity tropical rainforests, as a fraction of total forest cover, within the geographic ranges of 16,396 species of terrestrial vertebrates worldwide. We found up to 90% of the humid tropical ranges of forest- depend...
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作者：Mehra, Somya; Nosten, Francois; Luxemburger, Christine; White, Nicholas J.; Watson, James A.
作者单位：Mahidol University; Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU); University of Melbourne; Mahidol University; University of Oxford
摘要：Plasmodium vivax parasites can lie dormant in the liver as hypnozoites, activating weeks to months after sporozoite inoculation to cause relapsing malarial illness. It is not known what biological processes govern hypnozoite activation. We use longitudinal data from the most detailed cohort study ever conducted in an area where both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax were endemic to fit a simple within-host mathematical model of P. vivax hypnozoite activation. 1,344 children living on the Thai...
