2024

最新文章

• Two principles of success AI翻译
  作者：Frank, Steven A.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
• AI- accelerated Nazca survey nearly doubles the number of known figurative geoglyphs and sheds light on their purpose AI翻译
  作者：Sakai, Masato; Sakurai, Akihisa; Lu, Siyuan; Olano, Jorge; Albrecht, Conrad M.; Hamann, Hendrik F.; Freitag, Marcus
  作者单位：Yamagata University; Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR); International Business Machines (IBM); IBM USA
  摘要：It took nearly a century to discover a total of 430 figurative Nazca geoglyphs, which offer significant insights into the ancient cultures at the Nazca Pampa. Here, we report site, leading to the discovery of 303 new figurative geoglyphs within only 6 mo of field survey, nearly doubling the number of known figurative geoglyphs. Even with limited training examples, the developed AI approach is demonstrated to be effective in detecting the smaller relief- type geoglyphs, which unlike the giant l...
• Enhanced metamorphic CO2 release on the Proterozoic Earth AI翻译
  作者：Stewart, E. M.; Penman, Donald E.
  作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University
  摘要：Rock metamorphism releases substantial CO2 over geologic timescales (>1 My), potentially driving long-term planetary climate trends. The nature of carbonate sediments and crustal thermal regimes exert a strong control on the efficiency of metamorphic CO2 release; thus, it is likely that metamorphic CO2 degassing has not been constant throughout time. The Proterozoic Earth was characterized by a high proportion of dolomite-bearing mixed carbonate-silicate rocks and hotter crustal regimes, both ...
• Meandering conduction channels and the tunable nature of quantized charge transport AI翻译
  作者：Doucot, Benoit; Kovrizhin, Dmitry; Moessner, Roderich
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CY Cergy Paris Universite; Max Planck Society
  摘要：The discovery of the quantum Hall effect has established the foundation of the field of topological condensed matter physics. An amazingly accurate quantization of the Hall conductance, now enshrined in quantum metrology, is stable against any reasonable perturbation due to its topological protection. Conversely, the latter implies a form of censorship by concealing any local information from the observer. The spatial distribution of the current in a quantum Hall system is such a piece of info...
• Arctic halogens reduce ozone in the northern mid-latitudes AI翻译
  作者：Fernandez, Rafael P.; Berna, Lucas; Tomazzeli, Orlando G.; Mahajan, Anoop S.; Li, Qinyi; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Wang, Siyuan; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Tilmes, Simone; Skov, Henrik; Cuevas, Carlos A.; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso
  作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Quimica Fisica Blas Cabrera (IQF-CSIC); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University Nacional Cuyo Mendoza; Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) - India; Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM); Centre for Climate Change Research - India; Shandong University; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Aarhus University
  摘要：While the dominant role of halogens in Arctic ozone loss during spring has been widely studied in the last decades, the impact of sea-ice halogens on surface ozone abundance over the northern hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes remains unquantified. Here, we use a state-of-the-art global chemistry-climate model including polar halogens (Cl, Br, and I), which reproduces Arctic ozone seasonality, to show that Arctic sea-ice halogens reduce surface ozone in the NH mid-latitudes (47 degrees N to 60 degr...
• Blobs form during the single- file transport of proteins across nanopores AI翻译
  作者：Sauciuc, Adina; Whittaker, Jacob; Tadema, Matthijs; Tych, Katarzyna; Guskov, Albert; Maglia, Giovanni
  作者单位：University of Groningen
  摘要：The transport of biopolymers across nanopores is an important biological process currently under investigation for the rapid analysis of DNA and proteins. While the transport of DNA is generally understood, methods to induce unfolded protein translocation that during electroosmotically driven translocation of polypeptides, blob- like structures typically form inside nanopores, often obstructing their transport and preventing addressing individual amino acids. This is in contrast with the elect...
• Interoceptive signals shape the earliest markers and neural pathway to awareness at the visual threshold AI翻译
  作者：Leupin, Viviana; Britz, Juliane
  作者单位：University of Fribourg
  摘要：respiratory cycle can modulate cortical excitability and so affect awareness. It remains debated at what stages of processing they affect awareness- related event- related potentials (ERPs) in different sensory modalities. We investigated the influence of the cardiac (systole/diastole) and the respiratory (inhalation/exhalation) phase on awareness- related ERPs. Subjects discriminated visual threshold stimuli while their electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and respiration were simultaneou...
• Structure- based design of a soluble human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B antigen stabilized in a prefusion- like conformation AI翻译
  作者：Sponholtz, Madeline R.; Byrne, Patrick O.; Lee, Alison G.; Ramamohan, Ajit R.; Goldsmith, Jory A.; McCool, Ryan S.; Zhou, Ling; Johnson, Nicole V.; Hsieh, Ching- Lin; Connors, Megan; Karthigeyan, Krithika P.; Crooks, Chelsea M.; Fuller, Adelaide S.; Campbell, John D.; Permar, Sallie R.; Maynard, Jennifer A.; Yu, Dong; Bottomley, Matthew J.; McLellan, Jason S.
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Dynavax Technologies; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; GlaxoSmithKline
  摘要：Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) is a class III membrane fusion protein required for viral entry. HCMV vaccine candidates containing gB have demonstrated moderate clinical efficacy, but no HCMV vaccine has been approved. Here, we used structure- based design to identify and characterize amino acid substitutions that stabilize gB in its metastable prefusion conformation. One variant containing two engineered interprotomer disulfide bonds and two cavity- filling substitutions (gB...
• Long- and short-term coupling of sea surface temperature and atmospheric CO2 during the late Paleocene and early Eocene AI翻译
  作者：Harper, Dustin T.; Honisch, Barbel; Bowen, Gabriel J.; Zeebe, Richard E.; Haynes, Laura L.; Penman, Donald E.; Zachos, James C.
  作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Columbia University; Columbia University; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Vassar College; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
  摘要：The late Paleocene and early Eocene (LPEE) are characterized by long-term (million years, Myr) global warming and by transient, abrupt (kiloyears, kyr) warming events, termed hyperthermals. Although both have been attributed to greenhouse (CO2) forcing, the longer-term trend in climate was likely influenced by additional forcing factors (i.e., tectonics) and the extent to which warming was driven by atmospheric CO2 remains unclear. Here, we use a suite of new and existing observations from pla...
• Even laypeople use legalese AI翻译
  作者：Martinez, Eric; Mollica, Francis; Gibson, Edward
  作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Melbourne; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Whereas principles of communicative efficiency and legal doctrine dictate that laws be comprehensible to the common world, empirical evidence suggests legal documents are largely incomprehensible to lawyers and laypeople alike. Here, a corpus analysis (n = 59 million words) first replicated and extended prior work revealing laws to contain strikingly higher rates of complex syntactic structures relative to six baseline genres of English. Next, two preregistered text generation experiments (n =...