2024

最新文章

• Nonreciprocity and odd viscosity in chiral active fluids AI翻译
  作者：Markovich, Tomer; Lubensky, Tom C.
  作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Odd viscosity couples stress to strain rate in a dissipationless way. It has been studied in plasmas under magnetic fields, superfluid He 3 , quantum -Hall fluids, and recently in the context of chiral active matter. In most of these studies, odd terms in the viscosity obey Onsager reciprocal relations. Although this is expected in equilibrium systems, it is not obvious that Onsager relations hold in active materials. By directly coarse -graining the kinetic energy and independently using both...
• Structural and functional reorganization of inhibitory synapses by activity- dependent cleavage of neuroligin-2 AI翻译
  作者：Xu, Na; Cao, Ran; Chen, Si- Yu; Wang, Bin; Luo, Hong- Mei; Gao, Feng; Tang, Ai- Hui
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Zhengzhou University
  摘要：Recent evidence has demonstrated that the transsynaptic nanoscale organization of synaptic proteins plays a crucial role in regulating synaptic strength in excitatory synapses. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this transsynaptic nanostructure in inhibitory synapses still remains unclear and its impact on synapse function in physiological or pathological contexts has not been demonstrated. In this study, we utilized an engineered proteolysis technique to investigate the effects of ac...
• Carboxyl- terminal sequences in APOA5 are important for suppressing ANGPTL3/8 activity AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Yan Q.; Yang, Ye; Zhen, Eugene Y.; Beyer, Thomas P.; Li, Hongxia; Wen, Yi; Ehsani, Mariam; Jackson, Nicholas; Xie, Katherine; Jung, Hyesoo; Scheithauer, Julia L.; Kumari, Anni; Birrane, Gabriel; Russell, Anna M.; Balasubramaniam, Deepa; Liao, Zhongping; Siegel, Robert W.; Qian, Yuewei; Ploug, Michael; Young, Stephen G.; Konrad, Robert J.
  作者单位：Eli Lilly; Lilly Research Laboratories; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
  摘要：Apolipoprotein AV (APOA5) lowers plasma triglyceride (TG) levels by binding to the binding sites within capillaries. However, the sequences in APOA5 that are required for suppressing ANGPTL3/8 activity have never been defined. A clue to the identity of those sequences was the presence of severe hypertriglyceridemia in two patients harboring an APOA5 mutation that truncates APOA5 by 35 residues (APOA5A35). We found that wild- type (WT) human APOA5, but not APOA5A35, suppressed ANGPTL3/8's abili...
• Childhood maltreatment influences adult brain structurethrough its effects on immune, metabolic, and psychosocialfactors AI翻译
  作者：Orellana, Sofia C.; Bethlehem, Richard A. I.; Simpson-Kent, Ivan L.; van Harmele, Anne-Laura; Vertes, Petra E.; Bullmore, Edward T.
  作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); University of Cambridge; University of Pennsylvania; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University
  摘要：Childhood maltreatment (CM) leads to a lifelong susceptibility to mental ill-healthwhich might be reflected by its effects on adult brain structure, perhaps indirectlymediated by its effects on adult metabolic, immune, and psychosocial systems. Indexingthese systemic factors via body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and ratesof adult trauma (AT), respectively, we tested three hypotheses: (H1) CM has direct orindirect effects on adult trauma, BMI, and CRP; (H2) adult trauma, BMI, and...
• Innate- like T cell subset commitment in the murine thymus is independent of TCR characteristics and occurs during proliferation AI翻译
  作者：Karnaukhov, Vadim K.; Gac, Anne- Laure Le; Mutala, Linda Bilonda; Darbois, Aurelie; Perrin, Laetitia; Legoux, Francois; Walczak, Aleksandra M.; Mora, Thierry; Lantz, Olivier
  作者单位：Universite PSL; UNICANCER; Institut Curie; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite Paris Cite; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Universite de Rennes; UNICANCER; Universite PSL; Institut Curie; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm)
  摘要：How T- cell receptor (TCR) characteristics determine subset commitment during T- cell development is still unclear. Here, we addressed this question for innate- like T cells, mucosal- associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. MAIT and iNKT cells have similar developmental paths, leading in mice to two effector subsets, cytotoxic (MAIT1/iNKT1) and IL17- secreting (MAIT17/iNKT17). For iNKT1 vs iNKT17 fate choice, an instructive role for TCR affinity was pr...
• Variable aging and storage of dissolved black carbon in the ocean AI翻译
  作者：Coppola, Alysha I.; Druffel, Ellen R. M.; Broek, Taylor A.; Haghipour, Negar; Eglinton, Timothy I.; Mccarthy, Matthew; Walker, Brett D.
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Ottawa
  摘要：During wildfires and fossil fuel combustion, biomass is converted to black carbon (BC) via incomplete combustion. BC enters the ocean by rivers and atmospheric deposition contributing to the marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. The fate of BC is considered to reside in the marine DOC pool, where the oldest BC C-14 ages have been measured (>20,000 C-14 y), implying long-term storage. DOC is the largest exchangeable pool of organic carbon in the oceans, yet most DOC (>80%) remains molecul...
• IL7 increases targeted lipid nanoparticle-mediated mRNA expression in T cells in vitro and in vivo by enhancing T cell protein translation AI翻译
  作者：Tilsed, Caitlin M.; Sadiq, Barzan A.; Papp, Tyler E.; Areesawangkit, Phurin; Kimura, Kenji; Noguera-Ortega, Estela; Scholler, John; Cerda, Nicholas; Aghajanian, Haig; Bot, Adrian; Mui, Barbara; Tam, Ying; Weissman, Drew; June, Carl H.; Albelda, Steven M.; Parhiz, Hamideh
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Mahidol University
  摘要：The use of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) to encapsulate and deliver mRNA has become an important therapeutic advance. In addition to vaccines, LNP-mRNA can be used in many other applications. For example, targeting the LNP with anti-CD5 antibodies (CD5/tLNP) can allow for efficient delivery of mRNA payloads to T cells to express protein. As the percentage of protein expressing T cells induced by an intravenous injection of CD5/tLNP is relatively low (4- 20%), our goal was to find ways to increase ...
• Exchangeable manganese regulates carbon storage in the humus layer of the boreal forest AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Yunyu; Hobbiec, Sarah E.; Schlesinger, William H.; Berg, Bjorn; Sun, Tao; Zhu, Jiaojun
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Duke University; University of Helsinki; Chinese Academy of Sciences
  摘要：The huge carbon stock in humus layers of the boreal forest plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle. However, there remains uncertainty about the factors that regulate below- ground carbon sequestration in this region. Notably, based on evidence from two independent but complementary methods, we identified that exchangeable manganese is a critical factor regulating carbon accumulation in boreal forests across both regional scales and the entire boreal latitudinal range. Moreover, in a ...
• Exposing omitted moderators: Explaining why effect sizes differ in the social sciences AI翻译
  作者：Krefeld-Schwalb, Antonia; Sugerman, Eli Rosen; Johnson, Eric J.
  作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Columbia University
  摘要：Policymakers increasingly rely on behavioral science in response to global challenges, such as climate change or global health crises. But applications of behavioral science face an important problem: Interventions often exert substantially different effects across contexts and individuals. We examine this heterogeneity for different paradigms that underlie many behavioral interventions. We study the paradigms in a series of five preregistered studies across one in- person and 10 online panels...
• Weaker land-atmosphere coupling in global storm-resolving simulation AI翻译
  作者：Lee, Junhong; Hohenegger, Cathy
  作者单位：Max Planck Society
  摘要：The debate on the sign of the soil moisture-precipitation feedback remains open. On the one hand, studies using global coarse-resolution climate models have found strong positive feedback. However, such models cannot represent convection explicitly. On the other hand, studies using km-scale regional climate models and explicit convection have reported negative feedback. Yet, the large-scale circulation is prescribed in such models. This study revisits the soil moisture-precipitation feedback u...