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作者：Blair-Loy, Mary
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
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作者：Gao, Yongqiang; Amon, Jeremy D.; Artzi, Lior; Ramirez-Guadiana, Fernando H.; Brock, Kelly P.; Cofsky, Joshua C.; Marks, Deborah S.; Kruse, Andrew C.; Rudner, David Z.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Bacterial spores resist antibiotics and sterilization and can remain metabolically inactive for decades, but they can rapidly germinate and resume growth in response to nutrients. Broadly conserved receptors embedded in the spore membrane detect nutrients, but how spores transduce these signals remains unclear. Here, we found that these receptors form oligomeric membrane channels. Mutations predicted to widen the channel initiated germination in the absence of nutrients, whereas those that nar...
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作者：Gibbons, Ann
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作者：Kaplow, Irene M.; Lawler, Alyssa J.; Schaffer, Daniel E.; Srinivasan, Chaitanya; Sestili, Heather H.; Wirthlin, Morgan E.; Phan, BaDoi N.; Prasad, Kavya; Brown, Ashley R.; Zhang, Xiaomeng; Foley, Kathleen; Genereux, Diane P.; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Meyer, Wynn K.; Pfenning, Andreas R.
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Lehigh University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester; Uppsala University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Allen Institute for Brain Science; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of Iowa
摘要：Protein-coding differences between species often fail to explain phenotypic diversity, suggesting the involvement of genomic elements that regulate gene expression such as enhancers. Identifying associations between enhancers and phenotypes is challenging because enhancer activity can be tissue-dependent and functionally conserved despite low sequence conservation. We developed the Tissue-Aware Conservation Inference Toolkit (TACIT) to associate candidate enhancers with species' phenotypes usi...
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作者：Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel
作者单位：Helmholtz Association; GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel; University of British Columbia
摘要：White et al. (Science 377, p. 834-839, 2022) propose that reproduction reduces the somatic growth of animals. This contradicts the common observations that non-reproducing adults are not larger than those that reproduced as well as the very example the authors provide of a fish that reproduces while its growth continues to accelerate, which is common in larger fish.
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作者：Roques-Carmes, Charles
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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作者：Tasimi, Arber
作者单位：Emory University
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Upham, Nathan S.; Landis, Michael J.
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Washington University (WUSTL)
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作者：VanderWal, Arica R.; Park, Jung-Un; Polevoda, Bogdan; Nicosia, Julia K.; Vargas, Adrian M. Molina; Kellogg, Elizabeth H.; O'Connell, Mitchell R.
作者单位：University of Rochester; University of Rochester; Cornell University; University of Rochester; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Type VI CRISPR-Cas systems use RNA-guided ribonuclease (RNase) Cas13 to defend bacteria against viruses, and some of these systems encode putative membrane proteins that have unclear roles in Cas13-mediated defense. We show that Csx28, of type VI-B2 systems, is a transmembrane protein that assists to slow cellular metabolism upon viral infection, increasing antiviral defense. High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy reveals that Csx28 forms an octameric pore-like structure. These Csx28 pores l...
