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作者：Zhang, Xuan; Guseinov, Abdul-Akim; Jenkins, Laura; Valentini, Alice; Marsango, Sara; Schultz-Knudsen, Katrine; Ulven, Trond; Ulven, Elisabeth Rexen; Tikhonova, Irina G.; Milligan, Graeme; Zhang, Cheng
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Queens University Belfast; University of Glasgow; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is a primary sensor for short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbiota. Consequently, FFA2 is a promising drug target for immunometabolic disorders1, 2, 3-4. Here we report cryogenic electronic microscopy structures of FFA2 in complex with two G proteins and three distinct classes of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), and describe noncanonical activation mechanisms that involve conserved structural features o...
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作者：Parker, Edyth; Omah, Ifeanyi F.; Djuicy, Delia Doreen; Magee, Andrew; Tomkins-Tinch, Christopher H.; Otieno, James Richard; Varilly, Patrick; Ayinla, Akeemat Opeyemi; Sijuwola, Ayotunde E.; Ahmed, Muhammad I.; Ope-Ewe, Oludayo O.; Ogunsanya, Olusola Akinola; Olono, Alhaji; Saibu, Femi Mudasiru; Eromon, Philomena; Moumbeket Yifomnjou, Moise Henri; Messanga Essengue, Loique Landry; Yonga, Martial Gides Wansi; Essima, Gael Dieudonne; Touoyem, Ibrahim Pascal; Mounchili, Landry Jules Mouliem; Eyangoh, Sara Irene; Etoundi, Alain Georges Mballa; Esso, Linda; Nguidjol, Ines Mandah Emah; Metomb, Steve Franck; Chebo, Cornelius; Agwe, Samuel Mbah; Mossi, Hans Makembe; Bilounga, Chanceline Ndongo; Akanbi, Olusola; Egwuenu, Abiodun; Ehiakhamen, Odianosen; Chukwu, Chimaobi; Suleiman, Kabiru; Akinpelu, Afolabi; Ahmad, Adama; Imam, Khadijah Isa; Ojedele, Richard; Oripenaye, Victor; Ikeata, Kenneth; Adelakun, Sophiyah; Olajumoke, Babatunde; O'Toole, Aine; Zeller, Mark; Gangavarapu, Karthik; Park, Daniel J.; Mboowa, Gerald; Tessema, Sofonias Kifle; Tebeje, Yenew Kebede; Folarin, Onikepe; Happi, Anise; Lemey, Philippe; Suchard, Marc A.; Andersen, Kristian G.; Sabeti, Pardis; Rambaut, Andrew; Ihekweazu, Chikwe; Jide, Idris; Adetifa, Ifedayo; Njouom, Richard; Happi, Christian T.
作者单位：Redeemers University; Scripps Research Institute; University of Edinburgh; Centre Pasteur du Cameroun; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Redeemers University; KU Leuven; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
摘要：Five years before the 2022 multi-country mpox outbreak, Nigeria and Cameroon reported their first cases in more than three decades1,2. Whereas the outbreak in Nigeria is recognized as an ongoing human epidemic, the drivers of the resurgence in Cameroon remain unclear3,4. The rate of zoonoses remains uncertain in both countries, and gaps in genomic data obscure the timing and zoonotic and geographic origin of monkeypox virus (MPXV) emergence in humans. Here, to address these uncertainties, we s...
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作者：Vaxenburg, Roman; Siwanowicz, Igor; Merel, Josh; Robie, Alice A.; Morrow, Carmen; Novati, Guido; Stefanidi, Zinovia; Both, Gert-Jan; Card, Gwyneth M.; Reiser, Michael B.; Botvinick, Matthew M.; Branson, Kristin M.; Tassa, Yuval; Turaga, Srinivas C.
作者单位：Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Columbia University; University of London; University College London
摘要：The body of an animal influences how its nervous system generates behaviour1. Accurately modelling the neural control of sensorimotor behaviour requires an anatomically detailed biomechanical representation of the body. Here we introduce a whole-body model of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in a physics simulator2. Designed as a general-purpose framework, our model enables the simulation of diverse fly behaviours, including both terrestrial and aerial locomotion. We validate its versatil...
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作者：Kozlov, Max
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作者：Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, Nobuyo; Nikawa, Takeshi
作者单位：Tokushima University; Tokushima University
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作者：[Anonymous]
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作者：Greenstreet, Francesca; Vergara, Hernando Martinez; Johansson, Yvonne; Pati, Sthitapranjya; Schwarz, Laura; Lenzi, Stephen C.; Geerts, Jesse P.; Wisdom, Matthew; Gubanova, Alina; Rollik, Lars B.; Kaur, Jasvin; Moskovitz, Theodore; Cohen, Joseph; Thompson, Emmett; Margrie, Troy W.; Clopath, Claudia; Stephenson-Jones, Marcus
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Imperial College London; University of London; University College London
摘要：Choice behaviour of animals is characterized by two main tendencies: taking actions that led to rewards and repeating past actions1,2. Theory suggests that these strategies may be reinforced by different types of dopaminergic teaching signals: reward prediction error to reinforce value-based associations and movement-based action prediction errors to reinforce value-free repetitive associations3, 4, 5-6. Here we use an auditory discrimination task in mice to show that movement-related dopamine...
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作者：Anderegg, William R. L.; Blanchard, Libby; Anderson, Christa; Badgley, Grayson; Cullenward, Danny; Gao, Peng; Goulden, Michael L.; Haya, Barbara; Holm, Jennifer A.; Hurteau, Matthew D.; Lague, Marysa; Liu, Meng; Novick, Kimberly A.; Randerson, James; Trugman, Anna T.; Wang, Jonathan A.; Williams, Christopher A.; Wu, Chao; Yang, Linqing
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; World Wildlife Fund; University of Pennsylvania; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Wilmington; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of New Mexico; University of British Columbia; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Clark University; Tsinghua University
摘要：Terrestrial ecosystems could contribute to climate mitigation through nature-based climate solutions (NbCS), which aim to reduce ecosystem greenhouse gas emissions and/or increase ecosystem carbon storage. Forests have the largest potential for NbCS, aligned with broader sustainability benefits, but-unfortunately-a broad body of literature has revealed widespread problems in forest NbCS projects and protocols that undermine the climate mitigation of forest carbon credits and hamper efforts to ...
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作者：Liu, Shunfa; Wang, Yangpeng; Saleem, Yasser; Li, Xueshi; Liu, Hanqing; Yang, Cheng-Ao; Yang, Jiawei; Ni, Haiqiao; Niu, Zhichuan; Meng, Yun; Hu, Xiaolong; Yu, Ying; Wang, Xuehua; Cygorek, Moritz; Liu, Jin
作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; Dortmund University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Tianjin University
摘要：Spontaneous two-photon emission (STPE) is a second-order quantum radiation process with implications in astrophysics1, atomic physics2 and quantum technology3. In particular, on-demand STPE from single quantum emitters has long been predicted to revolutionize photonic quantum science and technology4,5. Here we report STPE with brightness comparable to that of competing single-photon radiation from a single semiconductor quantum dot deterministically coupled to a high-quality micropillar cavity...
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作者：Spiekman, Stephan N. F.; Foth, Christian; Rossi, Valentina; Gasco Martin, Cristina; Slater, Tiffany S.; Bath Enright, Orla G.; Dollman, Kathleen N.; Serafini, Giovanni; Seegis, Dieter; Grauvogel-Stamm, Lea; McNamara, Maria E.; Sues, Hans-Dieter; Schoch, Rainer R.
作者单位：University of Rostock; Leibniz Institut fur Evolutions und Biodiversitatsforschung; University of Fribourg; University College Cork; University College Cork; University of Portsmouth; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF); Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia; Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; University Hohenheim
摘要：Complex integumentary appendages such as avian feathers and mammalian hair play a principal role in tetrapod evolution, with critical functions in insulation, sensation, display and flight. Although feathers and hair originated in the stem-lineages of birds and mammals, respectively1,2, their underlying gene regulatory network has much deeper amniote roots3. The early evolution of amniote integumentary appendages, however, remains poorly understood because of the absence of fossil evidence. He...
