Towards more effective nature-based climate solutions in global forests

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Anderegg, William R. L.; Blanchard, Libby; Anderson, Christa; Badgley, Grayson; Cullenward, Danny; Gao, Peng; Goulden, Michael L.; Haya, Barbara; Holm, Jennifer A.; Hurteau, Matthew D.; Lague, Marysa; Liu, Meng; Novick, Kimberly A.; Randerson, James; Trugman, Anna T.; Wang, Jonathan A.; Williams, Christopher A.; Wu, Chao; Yang, Linqing
• 署名单位: Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; World Wildlife Fund; University of Pennsylvania; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Wilmington; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of New Mexico; University of British Columbia; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Clark University; Tsinghua University
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-1495
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09116-6
• 发表日期: 2025-07-31
• 页码: 1214-1222
• 关键词: redd plus projects; carbon offsets; deforestation; emissions; feedbacks; targets; leakage; reduce; RISK

摘要

Terrestrial ecosystems could contribute to climate mitigation through nature-based climate solutions (NbCS), which aim to reduce ecosystem greenhouse gas emissions and/or increase ecosystem carbon storage. Forests have the largest potential for NbCS, aligned with broader sustainability benefits, but-unfortunately-a broad body of literature has revealed widespread problems in forest NbCS projects and protocols that undermine the climate mitigation of forest carbon credits and hamper efforts to reach global net zero. Therefore, there is a need to bring better science and policy to improve NbCS climate mitigation outcomes going forward. Here we synthesize challenges to crediting forest NbCS and offer guidance and key next steps to make improvements in the implementation of these strategies immediately and in the near-term. We structure our Perspective around four key components of rigorous forest NbCS, illuminating key science and policy considerations and providing solutions to improve rigour. Finally, we outline a 'contribution approach' to support rigorous forest NbCS that is an alternative funding mechanism that disallows compensation or offsetting claims.