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作者：Konings, Jozef; Vanormelingen, Stijn
作者单位：KU Leuven; University of Ljubljana
摘要：This paper uses firm-level panel data of on-the-job training to estimate its impact on productivity and wages. To this end, we apply and extend the control function approach for estimating production functions, which allows us to correct for the endogeneity of input factors and training. We find that the productivity premium of a trained worker is substantially higher compared to the wage premium. Our results are consistent with recent theories that explain work-related training by imperfect c...
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作者：Jain, Tarun; Kapoor, Mudit
作者单位：Indian School of Business (ISB)
摘要：This paper uses random assignment of students to investigate the impact of study groups and roommates on academic achievement. We find that informal social interaction with roommates has a significant positive impact on academic achievement, while study group peers have no discernible impact, a result driven by group heterogeneity in ability. We also find that lower-ability students benefit from high-ability students but not vice versa.
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作者：Kreisman, Daniel; Rangel, Marcos A.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; Duke University
摘要：We evaluate the role skin color plays in earnings and employment for black males in the NLSY97. By applying a novel, scaled measure of skin tone to a nationally representative sample and by estimating the evolution of labor market differentials over time, we bridge a burgeoning literature on skin color with more established literatures on wage differentials and labor market discrimination. We find that while intraracial wage gaps widen with experience, gaps between the lightest-skinned black w...
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作者：Lochner, Lance; Moretti, Enrico
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Empirical researchers interested in the causal effect of the endogenous regressor often use instrumental variables. When few valid instruments are available, they typically estimate restricted specifications that impose uniform per unit treatment effects, even when these effects are likely to vary. We show that in these cases, ordinary least squares and instrumental variables estimators identify different weighted averages of all per unit effects, so the traditional Hausman test is uninformati...
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作者：Ashraf, Nava; Aycinena, Diego; Martinez A, Claudia; Yang, Dean
作者单位：Harvard University; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We implemented a randomized field experiment that tested ways to stimulate migrants' savings in their origin country. We find that migrants value opportunities to exert greater control over financial activities in their home countries. We offered U.S.-based migrants bank accounts in El Salvador, randomly varying migrant control over El Salvador-based savings by offering different accounts across treatments. Migrants offered the greatest degree of control accumulated the most savings. Impacts l...
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作者：Sexton, Steven
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：The introduction of automatic bill payment (ABP) programs in 2005 eliminated the need for consumers to view recurring bills. If those enrolled in ABP programs offered by utilities and other service providers forgo inspection of their recurring bills, then price salience declines, prices perceived by boundedly rational agents fall, and consumption increases. This paper considers the impact of such programs on consumer demand and welfare and empirically tests whether enrollment in such programs ...
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作者：Aichele, Rahel; Felbermayr, Gabriel
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of Nottingham
摘要：Has the Kyoto Protocol induced carbon leakage? We conduct the first empirical ex post evaluation of the protocol. We derive a theoretical gravity equation for the carbon dioxide content of trade, which accounts for intermediate inputs, both domestic and imported. The structure of our new panel database of the carbon content of sectoral bilateral trade flows allows controlling for the endogenous selection of countries into the Kyoto Protocol. Binding commitments under Kyoto have increased commi...
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作者：Dai, Mian; Tang, Xun
作者单位：Drexel University; Rice University
摘要：This paper studies entry and capacity decisions by dialysis providers in the United States. We estimate a structural model where providers make continuous strategic choices of capacity based on their private information about own costs and knowledge of the distribution of competitors' private information. We evaluate the impact on the market structure and providers' profits under counterfactual regulatory policies that increase the costs or reduce the payment per unit of capacity. We find that...
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作者：Bento, Antonio; Freedman, Matthew; Lang, Corey
作者单位：University of Southern California; National Bureau of Economic Research; Drexel University; University of Rhode Island
摘要：Using geographically disaggregated data and exploiting an instrumental variable strategy, we show that contrary to conventional wisdom, the benefits of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) were progressive. The CAAA created incentives for local regulators to target the initially dirtiest areas for cleanup, creating heterogeneity in the incidence of air quality improvements that favored lower-income households. Based on house price appreciation, households in the lowest quintile of the inco...
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作者：Cosar, A. Kerem; Grieco, Paul L. E.; Tintelnot, Felix
作者单位：University of Chicago; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Princeton University
摘要：Using a microlevel data set of wind turbine installations in Denmark and Germany, we estimate a structural oligopoly model with cross-border trade and heterogeneous firms. Our approach separately identifies border-related from distance-related variable costs and bounds the fixed cost of exporting for each firm. In the data, firms' market shares drop precipitously at the border. We find that 40% to 50% of the gap can be attributed to national border costs. Counterfactual analysis indicates that...
