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作者：Knittel, CR
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：The use of incentive regulation and other alternative regulatory programs in U.S. electricity markets has grown during the past two decades. Within a stochastic frontier framework, I investigate the effect of individual programs on the technical efficiency of a large set of coal and natural gas generation units. I find that those programs tied directly to generator performance and those that modify traditional fuel cost pass-through programs, to provide a greater incentive to reduce fuel costs...
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作者：Orphanides, A; van Norden, S
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：We examine the reliability of alternative output detrending methods, with special attention to the accuracy of real-time estimates of the output gap. We show that ex post revisions of the estimated gap are of the same order of magnitude as the estimated gap itself and that these revisions are highly persistent. Although important, the revision of published data is not the primary source of revisions in measured output gaps; the bulk of the problem is due to the pervasive unreliability of end-o...
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作者：Hanson, GH; Robertson, R; Spilimbergo, A
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Macalester College; International Monetary Fund
摘要：In this paper, we examine the impact of enforcement of the U.S.-Mexico border on wages in U.S. and Mexican border regions. The U.S. Border Patrol polices U.S. boundaries, seeking to apprehend any undocumented entrants. It concentrates its efforts on the Mexican border. We examine labor markets in border areas of California, Texas, and Mexico. For each region, we have high-frequency data on wages and person-hours the U.S. Border Patrol spends policing the border. For a range of empirical specif...
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作者：Netz, JS; Taylor, BA
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Baylor University
摘要：We empirically test implications from location theory using the location of Los Angeles-area gasoline stations in physical space and in the space of product attributes. We consider the effect of demand patterns entry costs, and several proxies for competition on the tendency for a gasoline station to be physically located more or less closely to its competitors. Using an estimation procedure that controls for spatial autocorrelation and spatial autoregression, and controlling for market charac...
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作者：Charles, KK; Hurst, E
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper analyzes differences in the likelihood that black and white families become homeowners. By following a sample of black and white renters over time, we are able to separately study racial differences in the likelihood of applying for a mortgage and in the likelihood that a mortgage application is accepted. Although its effect on the race gap in housing transitions is small, we find strong evidence that black applicants are almost twice as likely as comparable white households to be r...
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作者：Mitra, D; Thomakos, DD; Ulubasoglu, MA
作者单位：Syracuse University; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Deakin University
摘要：For a genuine small open economy that has experienced both dictatorship and democracy, we find support for the predictions of the Grossman-Helpman (1994) Protection for Sale model. In contrast to previous studies, we use various protection measures (including tariffs, the direct measure of the theoretical model) and perform both single-year and panel regressions. Using Turkish industry-level data, the government's weight on welfare is estimated to be much larger than that on contributions. Mor...
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作者：Dumais, G; Ellison, G; Glaeser, EL
作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper uses data from the Census Bureau's Longitudinal Research Database to describe the dynamics of geographic concentration in U.S. manufacturing industries. Agglomeration results from a combination of the mean reversion and randomness in the growth of state-industry employment. Although industries' agglomeration levels have declined only slightly over the last quarter century, we find a great deal of movement for many geographically concentrated industries. We decompose aggregate concen...
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作者：Taylor, AM
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper investigates purchasing-power parity (PPP) since the late nineteenth century. I collected data for a group of twenty countries over 100 years, a larger historical panel of annual data than has ever been studied. The evidence for long-run PPP is favorable using recent multivariate and univariate tests of higher power. Residual variance analysis shows that episodes of floating exchange rates have generally been associated with larger deviations from PPP, as expected; this result is no...
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作者：Thurston, NK; Libby, AM
作者单位：Brigham Young University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We revisit Reinhardt's (1972) commonly used production function for physician services. This production function, although appropriate in some settings, is not adequate for more detailed studies. The generalized linear production function (Diewart, 1971) is an attractive alternative for this application: it admits zero values for inputs and allows the estimation of complex technical relationships. We find that, from 1965-1988. the technical relationships that describe the production process fo...
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作者：Garofalo, GA; Yamarik, S
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Akron
摘要：This paper seeks to reconcile the growth empirics technique of Mankiw. Romer, and Weil (1992) with the empirical results of Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1991) through the development of a new database covering the 1977-96 period. We create state-by-state capital stock and gross investment estimates by apportioning the national capital stock among the states. Using these estimates along with gross state product and employment data, we find evidence that the Solow growth model explains state-wide gr...
