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作者：Miller, Amalia R.; Segal, Carmit
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of Zurich
摘要：This paper exploits variation in the timing and outcomes of employment discrimination lawsuits against U.S. law enforcement agencies to estimate the cumulative and persistent employment effects of temporary externally imposed affirmative action (AA). We find that AA increased black employment at all ranks by 4.5 to 6.2 percentage points relative to national trends. We also find no erosion of these employment gains in the fifteen years following AA termination, although black employment growth ...
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作者：Iyer, Lakshmi; Mani, Anandi
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Warwick
摘要：We develop a framework to empirically examine how politicians with electoral pressures control bureaucrats with career concerns and the consequent implications for bureaucrats' career investments. Unique microlevel data on Indian bureaucrats support our key predictions. Politicians use frequent reassignments (transfers) across posts of varying importance to control bureaucrats. High-skilled bureaucrats face less frequent political transfers and lower variability in the importance of their post...
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作者：Auffhammer, Maximilian; Steinhauser, Ralf
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Australian National University
摘要：We compare the most common reduced-form models used for emissions forecasting, point out shortcomings, and suggest improvements. Using a U.S. state-level panel data set of CO2 emissions, we test the performance of existing models against a large universe of potential reduced-form models. We find that leading models in the literature, as well as models selected based on an emissions per capita loss measure or different in-sample selection criteria, perform significantly worse compared to the be...
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作者：Carluccio, Juan; Fally, Thibault
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We develop a simple model to study the interactions between a supplier's financial constraints and contract incompleteness in a vertical relationship. Applied to the analysis of multinational firms' sourcing strategies, the model predicts: (i) that complex and specific inputs are more likely to be sourced from financially developed countries and (ii) that multinationals are more likely to integrate suppliers located in countries with poor financial institutions, especially when trade involves ...
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作者：Dimmock, Stephen G.
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University
摘要：This paper tests the effect of background risk on university endowment portfolios, where background risk is defined as the volatility of universities' nonfinancial income. The results show that higher background risk is associated with lower portfolio standard deviations. Universities with higher background risk invest significantly more in fixed income and less in alternative assets. A 1 standard deviation increase in background risk increases the allocation to fixed income by approximately 1...
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作者：Besedes, Tibor; Deck, Cary; Sarangi, Sudipta; Shor, Mikhael
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Chapman University System; Chapman University; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; University of Connecticut
摘要：Using controlled experiments, we examine how individuals make choices when faced with multiple options. Choice tasks are designed to mimic the selection of health insurance, prescription drug, or retirement savings plans. In our experiment, available options can be objectively ranked, allowing us to examine optimal decision making. First, the probability of a person selecting the optimal option declines as the number of options increases, with the decline being more pronounced for older subjec...
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作者：Bianchi, Milo
作者单位：Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine
摘要：This paper shows that utility differences between the self-employed and employees increase with financial development. This effect is explained not by increased profits but by an increased value of nonmonetary benefits, in particular job independence. We interpret these findings by building a simple occupational choice model in which financial constraints may impede the creation of firms and depress labor demand, thereby pushing some individuals into self-employment for lack of salaried jobs. ...
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作者：Peter, Klara Sabirianova; Svejnar, Jan; Terrell, Katherine
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Columbia University
摘要：Economic development implies that the efficiency of firms in developing countries starts approaching that of firms from advanced economies. Various development policies have been pursued to achieve this convergence. We test for this convergence in two economies that represent alternative models of implementing market-oriented development policies: the Czech Republic and Russia. Using 1992-2000 panel data on virtually all medium and large industrial firms in each country and accounting for endo...
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作者：Ebenstein, Avraham
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：China's rapid industrialization has led to a severe deterioration in water quality in the country's lakes and rivers. By exploiting variation in pollution across China's river basins, I estimate that a deterioration of water quality by a single grade (on a six-grade scale) increases the digestive cancer death rate by 9.7%. The analysis rules out other potential explanations such as smoking rates, dietary patterns, and air pollution. I estimate that doubling China's levy rates for wastewater du...
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作者：Hamilton, James D.; Owyang, Michael T.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis
摘要：This paper develops a framework for inferring common Markov-switching components in panel data sets with large cross-section and time series dimensions. We study similarities and differences across U. S. states in the timing of business cycles. We hypothesize that there exists a small number of cluster designations, with individual states in a given cluster sharing certain business cycle characteristics. We find that although oil-producing and agricultural states can sometimes experience a sep...
