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作者：Rodriguez-Planas, Naria
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY)
摘要：I use an unbalanced panel of over 11,000 academic records spanning from Spring 2017 to Spring 2020 to identify the difference in effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across lower-and higher-income students' academic performance. Using difference-in-differences models and event study analyses with individual fixed effects, I find a differential effect by students' pre-COVID-19 academic performance. Lower-income students in the bottom quartile of the Fall 2019 cumulative GPA distribution outperforme...
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作者：Ginzburg, Boris; Guerra, Jose-Alberto; Lekfuangfu, Warn N.
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：How do voting institutions affect incentives of committees to vote expressively? We model a committee that chooses whether to approve a proposal that some members may consider ethical. Members who vote for the proposal receive expressive utility, and all members pay a cost if the proposal is accepted. Committee members may have different depths of reasoning. Under certain sufficient conditions, the model predicts that features that reduce the probability of a member being pivotal - namely, lar...
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作者：Black, Bernard; Hollingsworth, Alex; Nunes, Leticia; Simon, Kosali
作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; National Bureau of Economic Research; Insper
摘要：Power is an important factor in assessing the likely validity of a statistical estimate. An analysis with low power is unlikely to produce convincing evidence of a treatment effect even when one exists. Of greater concern, a statistically significant estimate from a low-powered analysis is likely to misstate the true effect size, including finding estimates of the wrong sign or that are several times too large. Yet statistical power is rarely reported in published economics work. This is in pa...
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作者：Gonzalez-Jimenez, Victor
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：This paper shows that social status determines economic achievement through a psychological mechanism. Specifically, social status influences the way individuals form beliefs about their abilities and these beliefs are, in turn, crucial for achievement. A theoretical framework formalizes this mechanism. Data from a cohort study and from two controlled experiments corroborate its existence and quantify its magnitude. This study highlights the role of social status in creating constraints that a...
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作者：de Roux, Nicolas; Riehl, Evan
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Cornell University
摘要：We examine a unique admission system at a flagship Colombian university that tracked admitted students into high-and lower-ability classes in the same majors. In a regression discontinuity design, we find that marginal admits to the high-ability classes were less likely to pass their first-year courses, and less likely to earn a college degree in the long-run. These results suggest that college students may benefit when their academic preparation is high relative to that of their classmates, p...
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作者：Blundell, Wesley; Kokoza, Anatolii
作者单位：Washington State University
摘要：Although there is strong evidence that oil and natural gas development lead to decreases in local ambient air quality, there is less evidence of a causal link between these activities and human health. This paper explores the environmental health costs of burning natural gas by-products during crude oil extraction flaring. We estimate the impact of flared natural gas on respiratory health by using quasi-random variation in upwind flaring generated by the interaction of wind patterns and natura...
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作者：Braeuninger, Thomas; Marinov, Nikolay
作者单位：University of Mannheim; University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：Under what conditions do self-serving political elites choose to engage in war on truth (WOT)? We build on existing insights, which maintain that WOT promotes withdrawal and skepticism among voters, to show that seeding mistrust is one strategy for altering the information environment of the public. We build a formal model in which elites push the strategy when evidence on a policy issue goes against them such as during a political scandal. We characterize the WOT trade-off faced by initiators...
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作者：Carbonnier, Clement; Malgouyres, Clement; Py, Loriane; Urvoy, Camille
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of France; Paris School of Economics; IZA Institute Labor Economics; European Central Bank; Bank of France; University of Mannheim
摘要：Do workers gain from lower business taxes, and why? We estimate how a large corporate income tax credit in France is passed on to wages and explore the firm-and employee-level underlying mechanisms. The amount of tax credit firms get depends on their payroll share of workers paid less than a wage threshold. Exposure to the policy thus varies both across workers depending on their wage and across firms depending on their wage structure. Using exhaustive employer-employee data, we find that half...
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作者：Cheng, Cheng; Long, Wei
作者单位：University of Mississippi; Tulane University
摘要：Do highly publicized police killings of civilians have a widespread effect on policing activities? Focusing on such incidents in the United States during 2014-2016 and adopting different identification strategies, we study the effect in large U.S. cities. We conduct a single-city analysis of St. Louis and a multi-city analysis of 60 large cities. Our regression discontinuity and difference-in-differences estimates provide consistent and strong evidence that those high-profile killings reduced ...
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作者：Das, Jishnu; Singh, Abhijeet; Chang, Andres Yi
作者单位：Georgetown University; Stockholm School of Economics; The World Bank
摘要：The association between test scores in primary school and college attendance, and how this association differs by socioeconomic status (SES), remains an open question in low- and middle-income countries. Using data from long-running panel studies in Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, Peru and Vietnam, we show that children with higher test scores at age 12 report more years of schooling and higher college attendance by -age 22 in every country. However, variation in test scores explain only -15-55% of...
