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作者：Geraci, Andrea; Nardotto, Mattia; Reggiani, Tommaso; Sabatini, Fabio
作者单位：European Commission Joint Research Centre; EC JRC ISPRA Site; KU Leuven; Cardiff University; Sapienza University Rome
摘要：We study the impact of broadband penetration on social capital in the UK. Our empirical strategy exploits a technological feature of the telecommunication infrastructure that generated substantial variation in the quality of Internet access across households. The speed of a domestic connection rapidly decays with the distance of a user's line from the network's node serving the area. Merging information on the topology of the network with geocoded longitudinal data about individual social capi...
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作者：Agostinelli, Francesco; Doepke, Matthias; Sorrenti, Giuseppe; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Northwestern University; University of Amsterdam; Yale University
摘要：What are the effects of school closures during the Covid-19 pandemic on children's education? Online education is an imperfect substitute for in-person learning, particularly for children from low-income families. Peer effects also change: schools allow children from different socio-economic backgrounds to mix together, and this effect is lost when schools are closed. Another factor is the response of parents, some of whom compensate for the changed environment through their own efforts, while...
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作者：Bonesronning, Hans; Finseraas, Henning; Hardoy, Ines; Iversen, Jon Marius Vaag; Nyhus, Ole Henning; Opheim, Vibeke; Salvanes, Kari Vea; Sandsor, Astrid Marie Jorde; Schone, Pal
作者单位：University of Oslo; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：We investigate whether small-group instruction improves student performance in mathematics in the early grades using a large-scale RCT covering 159 Norwegian schools over four years. The students -7-9 years old -are pulled out from their regular mathematics classes into small, homogenous groups of 4-6 students for mathematics instruction for 3 to 4 h per week, for two periods of 4-6 weeks per school year. Unlike many other recent tutoring experiments, all students are pulled out, not only stru...
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作者：Charite, Jimmy; Fisman, Raymond; Kuziemko, Ilyana; Zhang, Kewei
作者单位：Columbia University; Boston University; Princeton University; Renmin University of China
摘要：We explore whether individuals, when acting as social planners, respect others' reference points. We allow subjects to redistribute unequal, unearned initial endowments between two anonymous recipients. Subjects redistribute twenty percent less when recipients know their initial endowments (and thus may have formed corresponding reference points) than when the recipients do not know their initial endow-ments, in which case we observe near-complete redistribution. The result holds for both with...
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作者：Hener, Timo
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：This paper reveals how exposure to noise pollution increases violent crime. To identify the causal effect of noise pollution, I use daily variation in aircraft landing approaches to instrument noise levels. Increasing background noise by 4.1 decibels causes a 6.6% increase in the violent crime rate. The additional crimes mostly consist of physical assaults on men. The results imply a substantial societal burden from noise pollution beyond health impacts. CO 2022 The Author. Published by Elsevi...
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作者：Jakobsen, Katrine Marie; Sogaard, Jakob Egholt
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Copenhagen
摘要：We revisit the identification of behavioral responses to tax reforms and develop a new approach for graphical validation and representation of treatment effects. We show that the standard estimation strategy relies on an assumption of constant trend differentials. In the context of income taxation, this implies that differences in income trends across the income distribution should remain constant in the absence of tax reforms. Similar to pre-trend validation of differences-in-differences stud...
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作者：Guo, Si; Pei, Yun; Xie, Zoe
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY; The World Bank; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：This paper develops a dynamic infinite-horizon model with two layers of governments to study theoretically and quantitatively how fiscal decentralization affects local and central government debt accumulation and spending. In the model, the central government makes transfers to local governments to offset vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances. But the anticipation of transfers lowers local governments' expected cost of borrowing and leads to overborrowing ex ante. Absent commitment, the ce...
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作者：Griffith, Alan; Noonen, Thomas
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：During each election cycle, the city of Seattle distributes four $25 vouchers to every registered voter, which may be donated to and redeemed by campaigns for city office. Through a difference -indifferences research design, we study the causal effect of Seattle's program on various outcomes in city council elections in the first two cycles after implementation, with comparison cities drawn from large cities in Washington and California. We find a 53% increase in total contributions and a 350%...
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作者：Packham, Analisa
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：In light of the recent opioid crisis, many public health entities have called for an expansion in syringe exchange programs (SEPs), which provide access to sterile syringes and facilitate safe needle disposal for injection drug users. This paper uses a newly constructed administrative dataset to estimate the effects of recent SEP openings on HIV diagnoses and drug-related deaths. I find that SEP openings decrease HIV rates by up to 18.2 percent. However, I present new evidence that SEPs increa...
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作者：Henderson, Vernon; Su, Dongling; Zhang, Qinghua; Zheng, Siqi
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; Peking University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Over the last forty years, China has experienced extraordinary growth under output market reforms, but the growth rates are now tapering off. Reforms in factor markets and city governance have been much slower and are viewed as having the potential to yield considerable efficiency gains. In this paper, we explore this possibility, tackling the key issues of local political manipulation of land markets and objec-tives of local leaders, constraints on the local budgetary process to finance infra...
