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作者：Mahadevan, Meera; Shenoy, Ajay
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：We study whether resource scarcity enhances the scope for targeted spending in India. Farmers without access to groundwater during dry seasons cope using a large public-aid program controlled by local politicians. We leverage a multidimensional regression discontinuity for exogenous variation in whether local politicians are aligned with the state's ruling party. We find that the state government channels dis-proportionate funds to politically-aligned jurisdictions in water-stressed areas and ...
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作者：Kindsgrab, Paul M.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper measures how much higher income taxes on U.S. top 1% earners trickle down and reduce other workers' wages via geographically concentrated spillovers. Using an exposure design that combines time-series variation in the federal marginal tax rate for top 1% earners with cross-sectional variation in the top 1% income share across local labor markets, I find very little evidence of local trickle-down effects. The point estimates imply zero local trickle-down effects. At conventional leve...
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作者：Pathak, Prakash; Schuendeln, Matthias
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：We study the role of discrimination and in-group biases in the allocation of public funds by community-based committees. Specifically, we investigate the effect of caste hierarchies on the amount of emergency aid given to households after the 2015 earthquake in Nepal. Local committees allocated aid immediately after the earthquake, and -officially- the amount of aid was a function of the magnitude of the housing damage. To identify discrimination and in-group favoritism in this context, we uti...
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作者：Downes, Henry; Phillips, David C.; Sullivan, James X.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：Does providing financial assistance to people who have just experienced an income shock affect their healthcare use? To address this question, we examine healthcare outcomes in a setting where people at risk of homelessness due to an income shock were offered or denied referral to financial assistance quasi-randomly. Among callers who have been screened as eligible for assistance at Chicago's Homelessness Prevention Call Center (HPCC), some are denied assistance because the availability of fun...
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作者：Fleitas, Sebastian; Gowrisankaran, Gautam; Lo Sasso, Anthony
作者单位：KU Leuven; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; DePaul University
摘要：The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) instituted incumbent regulation policies in the small group market, where existing health plans could choose to defer compliance with ACA regulations. This created incentives for employers with lower expected healthcare costs and greater uncertainty to not immediately become ACA compliant. We use unique national data with over 300,000 employer-years from 2013 to 2017. Consistent with these incentives, we find that employers with healthier enrollees and those ...
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作者：Chaurey, Ritam; Le, Duong Trung
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; The World Bank
摘要：We evaluate the impact of a rural infrastructure development and maintenance scheme, directed towards India???s most ???backward??? districts. Importantly, these infrastructure grants were spent on maintenance, improvements, and complementary investments to existing infrastructure. Using a Regression Discontinuity Design and multiple data sets covering the entire firm size distribution, as well as house-hold employment surveys, we show evidence on the effectiveness of the program on local econ...
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作者：Zhang, Xuan
作者单位：Singapore Management University
摘要：The physician retirement rate in the United States is increasing as the population ages. I use an event study model allowing for anticipation to evaluate the effects of primary care physician (PCP) retirement on elderly adults' health care utilization and quality of care. I find that, despite moderate anticipatory effects, PCP retirement results in an approximately $572 increase in total Medicare costs per beneficiary in the first 1.5 years post-retirement and an over 10% increase in detection...
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作者：Butler, Alexander W.; Yi, Hanyi
作者单位：Rice University; Boston College
摘要：We examine the impact of population aging on municipal access to credit. A one standard deviation increase in a state's population age leads to a 23 basis point increase in municipal bond issue spread. Three mechanisms drive this effect: income tax revenue, healthcare spending, and pension liabilities. Constitutional pension protections and securities with lower credit quality or longer maturity exacerbate the effect. To control for endogenous migration and mortality patterns, we exploit varia...
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作者：Amarasinghe, Ashani
作者单位：Monash University
摘要：When faced with intense domestic turmoil, governments may strategically engage in foreign interactions to divert the public's attention away from pressing domestic issues. I test this hypothesis for a globally representative sample of 190 countries, at the monthly level, over the years 1997-2014. Using high-frequency data on media-reported events, I find robust evidence that governments resort to diversionary strategies in times of domestic turmoil and that such diversion takes the form of ver...
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作者：Goldin, Jacob; Homonoff, Tatiana; Javaid, Rizwan; Schafer, Brenda
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：The U.S. federal government, states, and non-profits all devote substantial resources to increasing take-up of refundable tax credits like the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Child Tax Credit (CTC) through educational outreach. We study a different approach to increasing take-up: policies that encourage tax filing. In a large field experiment, we find that IRS letters about free tax preparation modestly increased filing, with a large share of the new filers claiming the EITC and the CTC. T...
