Journal of Public Economics

最新文章

• Dalton-improving tax reform: When households differ in ability and needs AI翻译
  作者：Mayshar, J; Yitzhaki, S
  作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  摘要：In a previous paper we suggested a method for identifying tax reforms that adhere to Dalton's principle of transfers, approving a small enough transfer from 'rich' to 'poor'. However, even the weak requirement from that method, namely prescribing a uni-dimensional ordinal ranking of households by how deserving they are of a marginal income transfer, is confining. Here we extend the approach by formulating a two-dimensional criterion for a Dalton-improving tax reform, when there is social appro...
• Exclusion and moral hazard: A further analysis AI翻译
  作者：Fraser, CD
  摘要：This paper examines the impact of increasing exclusion costs on the price of a shared good and establishes a simple elasticity condition which determines whether or not the price increases with the exclusion costs. We correct an error in the reasoning in Silva and Kahn's (Journal of Public Economics, 1993, 52, 217-235) paper on exclusion and moral hazard, and construct a class of examples to show that, contrary to their claim, costly exclusion of non-subscribers from the consumption of a non-r...
• Optimal taxation, public goods and environmental policy with involuntary unemployment AI翻译
  作者：Bovenberg, AL; vanderPloeg, F
  作者单位：Tilburg University; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Amsterdam
  摘要：The implications of more environmental concern for the optimal provision of public goods, tax structure, and involuntary unemployment are derived within a second-best framework in which lump-sum taxes are not available and labour supply is rationed owing to a rigid consumer wage. A shift towards greener preferences may boost employment and public consumption if initial environmental concern is small, a fixed factor plays a major role in production, and pollution is reduced through more labour-...
• The marginal welfare cost of public funds: Theory and estimates AI翻译
  作者：Snow, A; Warren, RS
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
  摘要：We derive a general analytic formula for the marginal welfare cost (MWC) of public funds without imposing restrictive assumptions on preferences or technologies. The framework encompasses the various special cases previously considered, and reconciles the disparities among the reported estimates of MWC. Unresolved differences in existing estimates are fully explained by appropriate interpretations of intended though; experiments and alternative assumptions about the elasticity of labor supply ...
• Transition from a pay-as-you-go to a fully funded pension system: The case of differing individuals and intragenerational fairness AI翻译
  作者：Brunner, JK
  摘要：In recent contributions to the theory of public pension systems it was argued that a Pareto-improving transition from an established unfunded pension system to a funded one is possible. This result is derived in an overlapping-generations model with identical individuals. In the present study an extended model, with differing individuals, of an intragenerationally fair unfunded pension scheme is introduced. Within this more realistic framework it is shown that, in general, a Pareto-improving t...
• Public R&D policies and cost behavior of the US manufacturing industries AI翻译
  作者：Mamuneas, TP; Nadiri, MI
  作者单位：New York University; University of Cyprus; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：This paper estimates and evaluates the contribution of R&D tax incentives and publicly financed R&D investment policies in promoting the growth of output and privately funded R&D investment in US manufacturing industries. Publicly financed R&D induces cost savings but crowds out privately financed R&D investment, while the incremental R&D tax credit and immediate deductibility provision of R&D expenditures have a significant impact on privately financed R&D investment. The optimal mix of both ...
• Pollution permits and compliance strategies AI翻译
  作者：Laffont, JJ; Tirole, J
  作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：This paper analyzes the impact of spot and futures markets for tradeable pollution permits on the potential polluters' compliance decisions. Polluters can buy permits, invest in pollution abatement, or else stop production or source out. We show that stand-alone spot markets induce excessive investment. The introduction of a futures market reduces this incentive to invest, but is not the optimal way to control pollution. A menu of options on pollution rights, possibly coupled with intertempora...
• Labour supply, household production and intra-family welfare distribution AI翻译
  作者：Apps, PF; Rees, R
  作者单位：Australian National University; University of Guelph; University of Munich
  摘要：This paper demonstrates the importance, in conceptual and empirical terms, of incorporating household production in models of labour supply to avoid misleading results concerning the intra-family distribution of income and behavioural responses to economic policy.
• Tax evasion and the optimum general income tax AI翻译
  作者：Cremer, H; Gahvari, F
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole
  摘要：This paper incorporates tax evasion into an optimum general income tax problem with endogenous labor supply. It posits a two-group model with high- and low-wage individuals to investigate the properties of optimal audit and tax structures. The following main results are obtained. First, high-wage persons are never audited while low-wage persons are audited with a probability strictly less than one. Secondly, high-wage persons should face a zero marginal tax rate. Thirdly, low-wage individuals ...
• Cutting environmental penalties to protect the environment AI翻译
  作者：Heyes, AG
  作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford
  摘要：When pollutants are 'persistent' and the polluter has private information regarding the occurrence of accidental releases and the cost of clean-up, we show that the penalty regime which most effectively protects the environment will involve penalties which are less than maximal. The extent to which these penalties will be less than maximal is, interestingly, a non-monotonic function of the persistence of the hazardous substance being handled, with the highest penalties being appropriate in the...