-
作者：Milligan, K; Moretti, E; Oreopoulos, P
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Toronto
摘要：Many studies document an association between schooling and civic participation, but none credibly investigate causal links. We explore the effect of extra schooling induced through compulsory schooling laws on the likelihood of becoming politically involved in the United States and the United Kingdom. We find that educational attainment is related to several measures of political interest and involvement in both countries. We find a strong and robust relationship between education and voting f...
-
作者：Gersbach, H; Requate, T
作者单位：University of Kiel; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：We examine how refunding emission taxes to firms dependent on market shares should be designed. While refunding is harmful under perfect competition, a first-best self-financing tax/tax-refunding scheme exists if the marginal damage from pollution exceeds the marginal distortion in an imperfectly competitive output market with symmetric firms. Under pre-investment in cleaner technology with short-term abatement opportunities, a first-best refunding scheme exists if pollution refunding can be m...
-
作者：Palacios-Huerta, I; Santos, TJ
作者单位：Brown University; University of Chicago
摘要：The endogeneity of preferences implies that not only individual preferences-along with technologies, government policies, and the organization of society and markets-determine economic outcomes, but also that the economic, social, legal, and cultural structure of society affects preferences. This paper develops a general equilibrium model of incomplete markets in which preferences are endogenously determined. The key feature in the model is the interplay between the extent of the market, compe...
-
作者：Beltrametti, L; Bonatti, L
作者单位：University of Genoa; University of Milano-Bicocca; University of Trento
摘要：Within an OLG framework we study a perfectly balanced Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) pension scheme: in spite of its depressive impact on national saving, PAYG is implemented for operating intergenerational transfers. With international capital mobility, the national adoption of PAYG determines a spill-over effect through the world capital stock. This creates a situation of interdependence among national pension policies, that we model as a n-countries dynamic game. In contrast with previous literature,...
-
作者：Poutvaara, P
摘要：According to conventional wisdom, intergenerational transfers can survive, in the absence of altruism, only if the old are net recipients. I prove that this need not hold in an overlapping generations model with a fixed factor. For example, the middle-aged owning land may gain by providing public education even when they cannot tax the young and when the young face no credit market constraints. This requires that labor is not mobile. Furthermore, establishing public education may benefit only ...
-
作者：Goolsbee, A
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：By taxing the income of corporate firms at a different rate than non-corporate firms, taxes can play an important role in a firm's choice of organizational form. The sensitivity of the organizational form decision to tax rates provides a key indicator of the distortion created by the corporate income tax. This paper uses new cross-sectional data on organizational form choices across states compiled in the Census of Retail Trade to estimate this sensitivity. The results document a significant i...
-
作者：Senik, C
作者单位：Sorbonne Universite; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS)
摘要：We propose a micro-econometric evaluation of the relation between life satisfaction and income distribution, using a balanced panel survey of the Russian population, Russian longitudinal monitoring survey (RLMS), running from 1994 to 2000, covering 4685 individuals. We show that in the context of the very volatile Russian environment, Hirschman's [Q. J. Econ. 87 (1973) 544] tunnel effect conjecture seems to be confirmed: variables reflecting income distribution do not influence satisfaction th...
-
作者：Sinai, T; Gyourko, J
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We provide new evidence on the asset price incidence of corporate-level investment subsidies by examining the relative stock price performance of publicly traded companies in the real estate industry that should have been differentially affected by the capital gains tax rate reduction enacted in the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. By comparing real estate firms that have an organizational structure that allows entities who sell property to it to defer capital gains taxes and that plan to use the ...
-
作者：Kleven, HJ
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：A theory of optimal taxation is presented, building upon Becker's (1965) theory of the allocation of time. Optimal commodity taxation is governed by factor shares in household activities. Any market good which requires little household time, or even saves time, should carry a relatively low tax rate. This policy rule does not require the estimation of price elasticities and is therefore more applicable than traditional Ramsey rule taxation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Goolsbee, A
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper shows that tax policy toward investment, by changing the relative prices of capital varieties even within narrow classes of equipment, can have a direct effect on the quality composition of capital goods that firms purchase. Detailed data on farming, mining, and construction machinery suggest that this impact is economically important. Finns significantly shift investment toward higher quality varieties when they receive investment subsidies (and do not do so when investment is high...
