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作者：Charlot, S; Gaigné, C; Robert-Nicoud, F; Thisse, JF
作者单位：University of Geneva; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：The objective of this paper is to apply different welfare approaches to the canonical model developed by Krugman, with the aim of comparing the only two possible market outcomes, i.e. agglomeration and dispersion. More precisely, we use the potential Pareto improvement criteria, as well as the utilitarian and Rawlsian welfare functions. No clear answer emerges for the following two reasons: (i) in general, there is indetermination when compensation schemes are used and (ii) the best outcome he...
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作者：Cook, PJ; Ludwig, J
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Georgetown University
摘要：This paper provides new estimates of the effect of household gun prevalence oil homicide rates, and infers the marginal external cost of handgun ownership. The estimates utilize a superior proxy for gun prevalence, the percentage of suicides committed with a gun, which we validate. Using county- and state-level panels for 20 years, we estimate the elasticity of homicide with respect to gun prevalence as between +0. 1 and +0.3. All of the effect of gun prevalence is on gun homicide rates. Under...
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作者：Lagunoff, R
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：This paper studies information disclosure in a model of dynastic government. When information about past policy choices comes exclusively from the reports of previous administrations, each administration has an incentive to choose its (suboptimal) one-shot expenditure policy, and then misrepresent its choice to its successor. Consequently, it has been suggested that horizontal accountability, i.e., a system of governance where auditing functions lie Outside the executive branch, can ensure cre...
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作者：McKnight, R
作者单位：University of Oregon; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using a substantial change in Medicare reimbursement policy to study the market for home health care, I find that the introduction of tightly binding average per-patient reimbursement caps led to a large drop in the provision of home care, particularly to the least healthy beneficiaries. This decline in home health utilization was not offset by increases in institutional long-term care or other medical care and there were no associated adverse health consequences. However, approximately one-qu...
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作者：Bottazzi, Renata; Jappelli, Tullio; Padula, Mario
作者单位：University of Salerno; University of Bologna; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We estimate the effect of pension reforms on households' expectations of retirement outcomes and private wealth accumulation decisions exploiting a decade of intense Italian pension reforms as a source of exogenous variation in expected pension wealth. The Survey of Household Income and Wealth, a large random sample of the Italian population, elicits expectations of the age at which workers expect to retire and of the ratio of pension benefits to pre-retirement income between 1989 and 2002. We...
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作者：Cremer, Jacques; Palfrey, Thomas R.
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; Universite de Toulouse; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：This paper proposes a framework for studying policy making in a federal system in the presence of spillover externalities. Local jurisdictions choose local policies by majority rule subject to standards that are set by majority rule at the federal level. We characterize the induced preferences of voters for federal policies, prove existence of local majority rule equilibrium, provide an example of non-existence of global majority rule equilibrium, and explore the welfare properties of federal ...
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作者：Baicker, Katherine; Gordon, Nora
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Both the federal government and the states use intergovernmental grants to try to change the composition of local spending across different programs, as well as the distribution of resources across localities. Many states are now under court order to use state education grants to reduce local disparities in education spending. While a substantial body of literature suggests that these court orders increase the level and progressivity of state education spending, there is little evidence on the...
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作者：Bisin, A; Rampini, AA
作者单位：New York University; Northwestern University
摘要：We study the role of anonymous markets in which trades cannot be monitored by the government. We adopt a Mirrlees approach to analyze economies in which agents have private information and a benevolent government controls optimal redistributive tax policy. While unrestricted access to anonymous markets reduces the set of policy instruments available to the government, it also limits the scope of inefficient redistributive policies when the government lacks commitment. Indeed, the restrictions ...
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作者：Lakdawalla, Darius; Philipson, Tomas
作者单位：RAND Corporation; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; University of Chicago
摘要：Despite the importance of nonprofit industries in the economy, little analysis has been conducted as to whether the behavior of such industries differs from that of for-profit industries. Extending previous firm-level analyses, we propose a neoclassical theory with an endogenous nonprofit sector. Our analysis implies that nonprofit firms have a competitive advantage over for-profit firms, so that marginal changes in the industry operate through the for-profit sector: As such, marginal industry...
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作者：Knight, B
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper tests for die capitalization of policy platforms into equity prices using a sample of 70 firms favored under Bush or Gore platforms during the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election. Two sources of daily data during the six months leading up to the election are incorporated: firm-specific equity returns and the probability of a Bush victory as implied by prices from the Iowa Electronic Market. For this group of politically sensitive firms, the daily baseline estimates demonstrate that plat...
