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作者：Merlino, Luca Paolo; Steinhardt, Max Friedrich; Wren-Lewis, Liam
作者单位：Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Free University of Berlin; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Paris School of Economics; INRAE
摘要：This paper exploits quasi-random variation in the share of Black students across cohorts within US schools to investigate whether childhood interracial contact impacts the residential choices of Whites when they are adults. We find that, 20 years after exposure, Whites who had more Black peers of the same gender in their grade go on to live in census tracts with more Black residents. Further investigation suggests that this result is unlikely to be driven by economic opportunities or social ne...
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作者：Hofer, Katharina E.; da Fonseca, Mariana Lopes
作者单位：University of St Gallen; University of St Gallen
摘要：In 2014, the Swiss Upper House switched from voting by show of hands to an electronic voting system, where individual decisions on specific exogenously defined vote types are published automatically. We leverage this update in monitoring technology for select votes to identify the impact of monitoring on politicians' attendance within a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences methodology. Relying on video recordings of all sessions of the 49th Upper House legislature (2011-2015), we deter...
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作者：Jacks, David S.; Pendakur, Krishna; Shigeoka, Hitoshi; Wray, Anthony
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Simon Fraser University; University of Tokyo; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：Despite a recent and dramatic re-evaluation of the health consequences of alcohol consumption, very little is known about the effects of in utero exposure to alcohol on long-run outcomes such as later-life mortality. Here, we investigate how state by year variation in alcohol control arising from the repeal of federal prohibition affects mortality for cohorts born in the 1930s. We find that individuals born in wet states experienced higher later-life mortality than individuals born in dry stat...
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作者：Olafsson, Arna; Pagel, Michaela
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; Washington University (WUSTL); Danish Finance Institute; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Copenhagen Business School; Danish Finance Institute; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Using comprehensive transaction-level panel data, we document that individuals repay their consumer debt and save more after they retire. These findings are puzzling because, in principle, people should save more before, rather than after, the expected decrease in income upon retirement. We discuss several potential explanations for our findings, including reductions in work-related expenses and increases in medical health risks around retirement, which are the leading explanations of the so-c...
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作者：Lodermeier, Alison
作者单位：Brown University
摘要：Fifty-six percent of urban renters face some level of housing insecurity. I explore the role of credit access, or lack thereof, as a contributing factor. To do so, I study a temporary line of credit extended to households in the form of protection from heat shutoffs during the winter. These protections allow households to delay winter energy payments without risk of losing their heat. I adopt a triple difference-in-differences (DDD) approach, leveraging variation in states' shutoff protection ...
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作者：Buonanno, Paolo; Ferrari, Irene; Saia, Alessandro
作者单位：University of Bergamo; Marche Polytechnic University; Tilburg University; University of Bologna
摘要：We investigate how institutional quality influences social capital by exploiting a policy designed to fight organized crime in Italy: the dismissal of city councils following criminal infiltration into local governments. To measure social capital, we employ a novel, fine-grained indicator based on Italy's 5 per Mille provision, which allows taxpayers to allocate a portion of their income tax to non-profit organizations. Using a difference-indifferences strategy, we find that city council dismi...
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作者：Bernheim, B. Douglas; Mueller-Gastell, Jonas
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Previous studies of optimal default options demonstrate that either opt-out minimization or maximization is optimal under restrictive conditions. We obtain a general characterization of the solution by studying optimal defaults when one of the problem's parameters approaches a limiting value. We interpret these asymptotic optima as approximate optima for non-limiting cases and justify this interpretation through numerical simulations. When the designer and choosers agree about the activity's v...
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作者：Cobb-Clark, Deborah A.; Dahmann, Sarah C.; Kamhoefer, Daniel A.; Schildberg-Hoerisch, Hannah
作者单位：University of Sydney; University of Melbourne; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We use information on people's ideal, predicted, and realized body weight to classify them as time-consistent versus na & iuml;ve, and partially or fully sophisticated regarding their self-control limitations. Operationalizing this approach in population-representative data reveals that self-control problems are pervasive and that most people are at least partly aware of their limited self-control. Compared to na & iuml;fs, sophisticates have higher IQs, better educated parents, and are more l...
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作者：Hauck, Tobias; Wallossek, Luisa
作者单位：University of Munich; University of Munich
摘要：Many countries have automatic wage tax withholding systems with tax non-filing options for some taxpayers. We show that this has sizable and potentially unintended implications for effective taxation because taxes are often over-withheld. Low-income taxpayers pay more taxes than they have to because they frequently do not file. Using German administrative tax data, we document that the average non-filer overpays e 119 in one year, equivalent to a 1.2 percentage point increase in the average ta...
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作者：Buettner, Thiess; Poehnlein, Maximilian
作者单位：University of Erlangen Nuremberg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper explores the effects of a federal law that obligates previously unregulated municipalities in Germany to set a minimum tax rate on firms' taxable profits. In particular, we examine the tax -policy response of municipalities that compete locally with tax -haven municipalities, i.e. municipalities that originally have set lower and, in some cases, even zero tax rates. The analysis distinguishes treated and not -treated municipalities based on their distance to a tax -haven. Our result...
