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作者：Bartanen, Brendan; Husain, Aliza N.; Liebowitz, David D.
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of Oregon
摘要：School principals are viewed as critical actors to improve student outcomes, but there remain important methodological questions about how to measure principals' effects. We propose a framework for measuring principals' contributions to student outcomes and apply it empirically using data from Tennessee, New York City, and Oregon. As commonly implemented, value-added models misattribute to principals changes in student performance caused by unobserved time -varying factors over which principal...
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作者：Szabo, Andrea; Ujhelyi, Gergely
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：This paper studies the economic effects of the US National Park System, the largest national conservation entity in the world. We assemble a new dataset on the history of the system, and show that parks increase overall employment and income in the local economy. The data allows us to study several specific mechanisms. Economic effects appear to be driven by visitors, and they cannot be explained by direct government spending on park budgets or by various substitution effects. Our findings pro...
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作者：Roth, Christopher; Schwardmann, Peter; Tripodi, Egon
作者单位：University of Cologne; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Max Planck Society; Carnegie Mellon University; Hertie School
摘要：While psychotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating depression, take-up remains low. Ina sample of 1843 depressed individuals, we document that effectiveness concerns are top of mind when respondents consider the value of therapy. We then show that the average respondent underestimates the effectiveness of therapy. An information treatment correcting this misperception increases participants' incentivized willingness to pay fora $320 therapy from $166 to $176. Our evidence suggests ...
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作者：Lanzara, Gianandrea; Lazzaroni, Sara; Masella, Paolo; Squicciarini, Mara P.
作者单位：Bocconi University; University of Bologna; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper studies whether and how religious leaders affect politics. Focusing on Italian dioceses in the period from 1948 to 1992, we find that the identity of the bishop in office explains a significant amount of the variation in the vote share for the Christian Democracy party (DC). This result is robust to several exercises that use different samples and time windows. Zooming into the mechanism, we find that two characteristics of bishops matter: (i) his political culture, and (ii) his int...
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作者：Ek, Claes; Soderberg, Magnus
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Griffith University; Griffith University - Gold Coast Campus
摘要：We conduct two large-scale randomized controlled trials to produce the first evidence that Home Energy Report-type norm feedback letters can be used to reduce household waste. We explore several feedback variants, including a novel short-run dynamic norm that emphasizes ongoing changes in waste behavior. Waste reductions are on the order of 7%-12% for all treatments, substantially larger than usually found in the energy or water domains. Effects are mostly driven by increased recycling of pack...
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作者：Richmond, Jordan
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：This paper studies how firms respond to book income alternative minimum taxes (AMTs) by examining the AMT book income adjustment in 1987. Using Compustat data and an event study approach, I find no evidence that firms avoid the tax, and no evidence of significant real production or investment responses. Firm tax base responses imply an elasticity of book income of -0.03 [-0.63,0.56], smaller than previous estimates because I correct for mean reversion. The null results indicate that firms face...
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作者：Hasager, Linea
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：In most countries, men are the principal asylum applicants, while women are admitted through familyreunification procedures. Family reunification implies that women's residence permits are contingent on remaining married to their husbands. Using a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DID) Design, I document that granting asylum to family-reunified women improves their economic integration, increases the probability of divorce and decreases their risk of being victims of violence. I find signif...
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作者：Cappelen, Alexander W.; de Haan, Thomas; Tungodden, Bertil
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Bergen
摘要：This paper studies how limited information about the source of inequality affects inequality acceptance. We show theoretically that non-Bayesian belief updating can be as important as heterogeneity in fairness views for understanding disagreements about inequality: in a large class of economic environments, signal -neglecting meritocrats consider the egalitarian distribution to be fair, while base -rate neglecting meritocrats consider the libertarian distribution to be fair. We provide experim...
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作者：Gazmuri, Ana M.
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：This paper uses a reform to Chile's school choice system to study student socioeconomic segregation with a focus on student demand and school selectivity. The reform increases the subsidies that schools receive for low socioeconomic status students. I exploit this shock to schools' incentives to test for selection at admission based on students' socioeconomic characteristics. Schools respond to the new voucher by decreasing the level of cream-skimming. I incorporate these admission restriction...
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作者：Toma, Mattie; Bell, Elizabeth
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Oxford; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Policymakers routinely make high -stakes funding decisions. Assessing the value of a program is difficult and may be affected by bounded rationality. We conducted experiments involving U.S. policymakers and the general public, in which participants were given the opportunity to assess the value of various policy programs. Our findings demonstrate that decision aids enhance the responsiveness of respondents to the impact of the programs. We designed and tested two portable decision aids-one tha...
