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作者：Anderson, Michael L.; Lu, Fangwen; Zhang, Yiran; Yang, Jun; Qin, Ping
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Renmin University of China; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Beijing Jiaotong University
摘要：Congestion plays a central role in urban and transportation economics. Existing estimates of congestion costs rely on stated or revealed preferences studies. We explore a complementary measure of congestion costs based on self-reported happiness. Exploiting quasi-random variation in daily congestion in Beijing that arises because of superstitions about the number four, we estimate a strong effect of daily congestion on self-reported happiness. When benchmarking this effect against the relation...
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作者：Scharf, Kimberley; Smith, Sarah
作者单位：University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Bristol
摘要：Much fundraising is done by individuals within existing social groups. Exploiting a unique dataset, we demonstrate (i) a positive relationship between social group size and the number of donations; (ii) a negative relationship between group size and the size of individual donations; (iii) no clear relationship between group size and the total amount raised. Free riding with respect to the activity being funded cannot explain the relationship between group size and donation size, since the numb...
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作者：Rausch, Sebastian; Schwarz, Giacomo A.
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper examines how the general equilibrium incidence of an environmental tax depends on the effect of different incomes and preferences of heterogeneous households on aggregate outcomes. We develop a Harberger-type model with general forms of preferences and substitution between capital, labor, and pollution in production that captures the impact of household heterogeneity and interactions with production characteristics on the general equilibrium. We theoretically show that failing to in...
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作者：Abraham, Arpad; Koehne, Sebastian; Pavoni, Nicola
作者单位：European University Institute; Stockholm University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Several frictions restrict the government's ability to tax assets. First, it is very costly to monitor trades on international asset markets. Second, agents can resort to nonobservable low-return assets such as cash, gold or foreign currencies if taxes on observable assets become too high. This paper shows that limitations in asset taxation have important consequences for the taxation of labor income. We study a simple dynamic moral hazard model of social insurance with observable and nonobser...
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作者：Bruns, Christian; Himmler, Oliver
作者单位：University of Gottingen; Max Planck Society
摘要：Journalism is widely believed to be crucial for holding elected officials accountable. At the same time economic theory has a hard time providing an instrumental explanation for the existence of accountability journalism. According to the common Downsian reasoning, rational voters should not be willing to pay for information out of purely instrumental motives because the individual probabilities of casting the decisive vote are typically very low. We show that this rationale does not apply whe...
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作者：Deffains, Bruno; Espinosa, Romain; Thoeni, Christian
作者单位：Universite Paris-Pantheon-Assas; Universite Paris-Pantheon-Assas; University of Lausanne
摘要：We explore the impact of the self-serving bias on the supply and demand for redistribution. We present results from an experiment in which participants decide on redistribution after performing a real effort task. Dependent on individual performance, participants are divided into two groups, successful and unsuccessful. Participants' success is exogenously determined, because they are randomly assigned to either a hard or easy task. However, because participants are not told which task they we...
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作者：Tobias, Aron
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：I propose a model of income redistribution in an open-economy environment. The world consists of a finite number of countries whose governments seek to maximize the welfare of their low-skilled populations by taxing skilled workers' labor income. While tax competition limits the extent to which redistribution is possible as compared to the closed-economy outcome when skilled people are internationally mobile, I argue that race to the bottom does not necessarily occur, even if the number of cou...
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作者：Zanella, Giulio; Banerjee, Ritesh
作者单位：University of Bologna
摘要：We study a dynamic natural experiment involving nearly 3000 American women of age 50-64 to understand how a woman's propensity to receive an annual mammography changes over time after a co-worker is diagnosed with breast cancer. We find that in the year this event occurs the probability of screening drops by about 6 percentage points, off a base level of 70%. This impact effect is persistent for at least two years. Underlying mechanisms and implications for health policy are discussed. (C) 201...
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作者：Boyer, Pierre C.; Dwenger, Nadja; Rincke, Johannes
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; ENSAE Paris; Universite Paris Saclay; University Hohenheim; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：This paper studies how imposing norms on contribution behavior affects individuals' intrinsic motivation. We consider the church levy, which the Catholic Church in Germany collects as a charitable donation, despite the fact that the levy is legally a tax. We design a randomized field experiment with treatments informing individuals that the levy is a tax. We demonstrate that treatment effects differ across motivational types. Among weakly intrinsically motivated individuals, communicating the ...
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作者：Klier, Thomas; Linn, Joshua
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; Resources for the Future
摘要：Many countries are tightening passenger vehicle fuel economy standards. This paper provides the first empirical evidence on the effects of fuel economy standards on technology adoption. We investigate changes in the rate and direction of technology adoption, that is, the extent to which technology is used to increase fuel economy at the expense of other vehicle attributes. We find that recent changes in U.S. and European standards have both increased the rate of technology adoption and affecte...
