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作者：Blundell, Richard; Joyce, Robert; Keiller, Agnes Norris; Ziliak, James P.
作者单位：University of London; University College London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Kentucky
摘要：We study household income inequality in both Great Britain and the United States and the interplay between labour market earnings and the tax system. While both Britain and the US have witnessed secular increases in 90/10 male earnings inequality over the last three decades, this measure of inequality in net family income has declined in Britain while it has risen in the US. To better understand these comparisons, we examine the interaction between labour market earnings in the family, assorta...
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作者：Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Arenas-Arroyo, Esther; Sevilla, Almudena
作者单位：California State University System; San Diego State University; University of Oxford; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：Over the past two decades immigration enforcement has grown exponentially in the United States. Using data from the 2005 through 2011 American Community Survey, we exploit the geographical and temporal variation in a novel index of the intensity of immigration enforcement to show how the average yearly increase in interior immigration enforcement over that period raised the likelihood of living in poverty of households with U.S. born children by 4%. The effect is robust to a number of identifi...
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作者：Jones, Daniel B.; Walsh, Randall
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：How does the partisan composition of an electorate impact the policies adopted by an elected representative? We take advantage of variation in the partisan composition of Congressional districts stemming from Census-initiated redistricting in the 1990's, 2000's, and 2010's to examine how an increase in Democrat share within a district impacts the district representative's roll call voting. We find that an increase in Democrat share within a district causes more leftist roll call voting. This i...
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作者：Stiglitz, Joseph E.
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：This paper shows that there is a presumption that Pareto-efficient taxation entails a positive tax on capital. When tax and expenditure policies can affect the market distribution of income in ways that cannot be directly offset, those effects need to be taken into account, reducing the burden imposed on distortionary redistribution. The paper extends the 1976 Atkinson-Stiglitz results to a dynamic, overlapping generations model, correcting a misreading of the result on the desirability of a z...
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作者：Beland, Louis-Philippe; Brent, Daniel A.
作者单位：Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University
摘要：We study the link between crime and extreme traffic congestion to estimate the psychological costs of traffic. Our empirical analysis combines police incident reports with observations of local traffic data in Los Angeles from 2011 to 2015. This rich dataset allows us to link traffic with criminal activity at a fine spatial and temporal dimension. Our identification relies on deviations from normal traffic to isolate the impact of abnormally high traffic on crime. We find that extreme traffic ...
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作者：Testa, Patrick A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：Nondemocratic regimes face a tradeoff when investing in public education. Education promotes human capital acquisition, expanding the tax base. Yet it also enhances political sophistication and participation, at a cost to nondemocratic regimes. To relax this tradeoff, a regime can disseminate propaganda through its education system. I show that even Bayesian citizens can be influenced by propaganda. By deterring political opposition, propaganda can induce nondemocracies to invest in education ...
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作者：Felfe, Christina; Lalive, Rafael
作者单位：University of St Gallen; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Lausanne; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We study how early child care (ECC) affects children's development in a marginal treatment effect framework that allows for rich forms of observed and unobserved effect heterogeneity. Exploiting a reform in Germany that induced school districts to expand ECC at different points in time, we find strong but diverging effects on children's motor and socio-emotional skills. Children who were most likely to attend ECC benefit in terms of their motor skill development. Children who were least likely...
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作者：Gamba, Astrid; Immordino, Giovanni; Piccolo, Salvatore
作者单位：University of Milano-Bicocca; University of Naples Federico II; University of Bergamo
摘要：We study an enforcement model in which, as soon as a Legislator grants an amnesty to low-rank criminals cooperating with the justice, top criminals react by bribing public officials in order to avoid being sanctioned. We show that, to prevent this form of subversion of law, the optimal policy must grant leniency not only to low rank criminals but also to officials who plead guilty and report bribe-givers. By doing so, the policy increases the conviction risk not only for top criminals but also...
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作者：Barr, Abigail; Lane, Tom; Nosenzo, Daniele
作者单位：University of Nottingham; University of Nottingham Ningbo China
摘要：We experimentally investigate the relationship between discriminatory behaviour and the perceived social inappropriateness of discrimination. We conjecture that discrimination will be weaker when social norms oppose it. Our results support this prediction. Using a Krupka-Weber social norm elicitation task, we find participants perceive it to be more socially inappropriate to discriminate on the basis of nationality than on the basis of social identities artificially induced using a trivial min...
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作者：Frimmel, Wolfgang; Horvath, Thomas; Schnalzenberger, Mario; Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf
作者单位：Johannes Kepler University Linz; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：In general, retirement is seen as a pure labor supply phenomenon, but firms can have strong incentives to send expensive older workers into retirement. Based on considerations about wage costs and replacement costs, we discuss steep seniority wage profiles as incentives for firms to dismiss older workers before retirement. Conditional on individual retirement incentives, e.g., social security wealth accrual rates or health status, the steepness of the wage profile will have different incentive...
