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作者：Tyler, JH
作者单位：Brown University
摘要：This article uses variation in the labor supply of twelfth-grade students created by interstate variations in child labor laws to estimate the effect of school-year work on twelfth-grade math achievement. The instrumental variable estimates in this article indicate that an exogenous decrease in school-year hours worked of 10 hours per week would result in a 0.2 standard deviation increase in math scores. Comparisons to ordinary least squares estimates suggest that failure to account for the en...
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作者：Dee, TS; Evans, WN
作者单位：Swarthmore College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：This study examines the effects of teen alcohol use and availability on educational attainment. We demonstrate that teens who faced a lower minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) were substantially more likely to drink. However, we find that changes in MLDA had small and statistically insignificant effects on educational attainment. Using matched cohorts from two data sets, we also report two-sample instrumental variables estimates of the effect of teen drinking on educational attainment. These est...
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作者：Page, ME; Solon, G
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：A comparison of the correlations between brothers and neighboring boys in their adult earnings suggests that the earnings resemblance between brothers stems more from growing up in the same family than from growing up in the same neighborhood. Much of the neighbor correlation is explicable in terms of the large earnings differential between urban and nonurban areas combined with the strength with which urbanicity of childhood neighborhood predicts urbanicity of adult location. This pattern is ...
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作者：Zveglich, JE; Rodgers, YV
作者单位：William & Mary
摘要：Policies designed to protect female workers have controversial effects on labor market outcomes, both in theory and in practice. The analysis uses repeated cross-sections of household survey data for Taiwan to estimate the impact of working-hours restrictions and maternity benefits. Differential coverage across industrial sectors and demographic groups provides a unique opportunity to identify the impact of both policies in a single natural experiment framework. While working-hours restriction...
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作者：Bai, CE; Wang, YJ
作者单位：University of Hong Kong; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Uncertainty in labor productivity (ULP) is affected by many factors, such as worker-employer matching, technology, and macroeconomic conditions. Not surprisingly, ULP varies across firms, industries, and economies. How do variations in ULP affect specific human capital (SHC) investment, wage, and labor turnover? A fixed-wage model is used to show that the answer depends critically on the initial level of ULP. The model is also used to show that wage and SHC are always positively correlated, bu...
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作者：Stevens, M
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：This article investigates the hypothesis that when measures of specific human capital ( such as job tenure) are included in earnings functions, there may be a sample selection bias because of job-matching effects because workers with high unobserved match quality receive and accept high wage offers. We develop a model for wage offers in a labor market characterized by both specific human capital and job matching. The model provides a theoretical basis for empirical earnings functions containin...
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作者：Clark, AE
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：This article uses seven waves of panel data to test for social norms in labor market status. The unemployed's well-being is shown to be strongly positively correlated with reference group unemployment (at the regional, partner, or household level). This result, far stronger for men, is robust to controls for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Panel data also show that those whose well-being fell the most on entering unemployment are less likely to remain unemployed. These findings suggest a ...
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作者：Autor, DH
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Over the past 3 decades, the U. S. Temporary Help Services (THS) industry grew five times more rapidly than overall employment. Contemporaneously, courts in 46 states adopted exceptions to the common law doctrine of employment at will that limited employers' discretion to terminate workers and opened them to litigation. This article assesses the contribution of unjust dismissal doctrine to THS employment specifically, and outsourcing more generally, finding that it is substantial-explaining 20...
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作者：Bollinger, CR; Hotchkiss, JL
作者单位：University of Kentucky; University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：Making use of performance data for baseball players, this article provides empirical evidence in support of Lazear's ( 1998) theoretical predictions that ( 1) risky workers will earn a premium for their upside potential, ( 2) this risk premium will be higher the longer a worker's work life, and ( 3) firms must enjoy some comparative advantage in the labor market to be willing to pay a premium to risky workers. The validity of Lazear's predictions carries implications for wage differentials bet...
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作者：Smith, JP
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：This article calculates retirement income - replacement rates for all labor market cohorts across the last 25 years and describes the changing contributions made by private pensions, social security, and assets. The factors on which replacement rates are sensitive include position in the income distribution, the use of after-tax instead of pretax incomes, the changing family composition of households between their pre- and postretirement years, and differential underreporting of income by age....
