Unemployment as a social norm: Psychological evidence from panel data

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Clark, AE
• 署名单位: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF LABOR ECONOMICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0734-306X
• DOI: 10.1086/345560
• 发表日期: 2003
• 页码: 323-351
• 关键词: satisfaction; preferences; IMPACT

摘要

This article uses seven waves of panel data to test for social norms in labor market status. The unemployed's well-being is shown to be strongly positively correlated with reference group unemployment (at the regional, partner, or household level). This result, far stronger for men, is robust to controls for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Panel data also show that those whose well-being fell the most on entering unemployment are less likely to remain unemployed. These findings suggest a psychological explanation of both unemployment polarization and hysteresis, based on the utility effects of a changing employment norm in the reference group.