-
作者：Neal, D
作者单位：University of Chicago
-
作者：Murphy, KM; Peltzman, S
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：We estimate how 1970-90 changes in an outcome-based measure of school quality ( state average test scores) affected changes in earnings for those leaving high school to enter a state's labor force. We find that a one standard deviation deterioration in a state's relative test score performance is associated with a 3% (or .5 SD) reduction in average wages of young entrants to the labor force. We also find a similar decline in college matriculation. There is weak evidence that the school quality...
-
作者：Weinberg, BA; Reagan, PB; Yankow, JJ
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Using a confidential version of the NLSY79, we estimate large effects of neighborhood social characteristics and job proximity on labor market activity. A variety of neighborhood social characteristics are associated with less market work. Social characteristics have nonlinear effects, with the greatest impact in the worst neighborhoods. Social characteristics are also more important for less-educated workers. Exploiting the panel aspects of our data, we find that estimates that do not account...
-
作者：Heckman, JJ; Smith, JA
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Chicago
摘要：This article decomposes the participation process of a prototypical program into eligibility, awareness, application, acceptance, and enrollment. With this decomposition, we determine the sources of unequal participation for different groups and demonstrate that variables often have very different effects at different stages in the participation process. Our analysis shows that personal choices substantially affect participation and that awareness of program eligibility is a major source of va...
-
作者：Charness, G
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：The gift-exchange game has established that, in the laboratory, higher wages offered by an employer lead to considerably more costly effort provision. However, it is unclear whether this behavior reflects reciprocity or other forms of social preferences. This article tests whether attribution of volition in choosing a wage has a significant effect on subsequent costly effort provision. Treatments varied whether wages were chosen by the employer or by an external process. We see that both distr...
-
作者：Wong, LY
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY
摘要：This article examines whether the Mortensen-Pissarides matching model with productivity changes can explain the time pattern of wage inequality. The main finding is that the model produces counterfactual results. The main source of failure seems to be the exogenous matching function and/or the exogenous surplus share, neither of which allows firms to use wage policies to direct workers' searches.
-
作者：Foote, CL; Whatley, WC; Wright, G
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Stanford University
摘要：The 1918-47 employee records of the Ford Motor Company provide a rare opportunity to study a firm willing to hire black workers when similar firms would not. The evidence suggests that Ford did profit from discrimination elsewhere, but not by paying blacks less than whites. An apparent wage-equity constraint prevailed, resulting in virtually no racial variation in wages inside Ford. An implication was that blacks quit Ford jobs less often than whites, holding working conditions constant. Arbit...
-
作者：Brown, C; Medoff, JL
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We analyze the relationship between how long an employer has been in business (firm age) and wages. Using data from special supplements to the Survey Research Center's monthly Survey of Consumers, we find that firms that have been in business longer pay higher wages (as previous studies found), but when we control for worker characteristics, the relationship becomes insignificant or negative. There is some evidence that the relationship is not monotonic, with wages falling and then rising with...
-
作者：Wong, LY
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY
摘要：A structural approach is used to examine who matches with whom. A two-sided matching model that allows for marital sorting in response to marriage market flexibility and agents' preferences is utilized. Estimation is based on imbedding the numerical solution of a matching model within a maximum likelihood procedure. Results indicate that wage is more desirable than education in predicting marriageability for white men; education is more desirable for black men. The marriage market for white me...
-
作者：Gottschalk, P; Hansen, M
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：This article explores the claim that college-educated workers are increasingly likely to be in noncollege occupations. We provide a conceptual framework that gives analytical content to the previously vague distinction between college and noncollege jobs. We show that, when there is heterogeneity in preferences, equally productive college workers can be in college and noncollege jobs. This framework is also used to show that skill-biased technological change will lead to a decline in the propo...
