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作者：Panagariya, A; Duttagupta, R
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; International Monetary Fund
摘要：In this paper we compare and contrast the political viability of bilateral Free Trade Area (FTA) Agreements in the presence of tariffs and quotas. Assuming that the government maximizes a weighted sum of welfare and producer profits, we show that the political viability of FTAs varies according to whether trade restrictions take the form of tariffs or quotas. A key result is that whereas an FTA is unambiguously rejected by one of the countries under a tariff, it may be endorsed by both trading...
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作者：Hamilton, SF; Stiegert, KW
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Central Florida; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：A central result in the theoretical literature on strategic trade is the 'rent-shifting hypothesis'. the idea that government's can employ trade policy as a precommitment device to transfer profit from foreign to domestic firms. To our knowledge, however, the rent-shifting hypothesis remains untested empirically. This paper constructs a theory-based empirical test of rent-shifting behavior that relies on observations of government precommitment variables employed through State Trading Enterpri...
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作者：Qiu, LD; Spencer, BJ
作者单位：University of British Columbia; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：This paper considers the implications of relationship-specific investment within keiretsu for policies aimed at opening the Japanese market for intermediate goods, such as auto-parts, Both VIEs applied to parts and VERs restricting Japanese exports of autos cause the keiretsu to import a wider range of parts, but of a relatively unimportant type, such as seat covers, Since keiretsu investment and output fall, the total value of US parts exports may actually fall. For a given value of these exp...
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作者：Beck, T
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper explores a possible link between financial development and trade in manufactures. The theoretical model focuses on the role of financial intermediaries in facilitating large-scale, high-return projects and shows that economies with better-developed financial sectors have a comparative advantage in manufacturing industries. We provide evidence for this hypothesis, first proposed by Kletzer and Bardhan (Journal of Development Economics 1987;27:57-70), using a 30-year panel for 65 coun...
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作者：Dekle, R
作者单位：University of Southern California
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作者：Slaughter, MJ
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College
摘要：In this article I analyze whether trade liberalization contributes to per capita income convergence across countries. The analysis focuses on four post-1945 multilateral trade liberalizations. To identify trade's effect on income dispersion, in each case I use a 'difference in differences' approach which compares the convergence pattern among the liberalizing countries before and after liberalization with the convergence pattern among control countries, chosen using a variety of methods, befor...
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作者：Klein, MW
作者单位：Tufts University
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作者：Smith, PJ
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：This paper analyzes how foreign patent rights (FPRs) affect US exports, affiliate sales, and licenses. Our approach is distinctive in three ways. We apply ownership, location, and internalization concepts to link FPRs with servicing decisions. We account for the simultaneity of servicing decisions. We estimate the relative effects of FPRs on exports, affiliate sales, and licenses. Empirical findings show strong FPRs increase US affiliate sales and licenses, particularly across countries with s...
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作者：Xu, B
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：The effects of technical progress on relative factor prices in the two-country, two-good, two-factor Heckscher-Ohlin model are investigated. Technical progress is classified according to factor-augmenting bias, factor-using bias, and sector bias. A complete set of relations between technical progress parameters and relative factor prices, depending on the elasticities of substitution in demand and in production, are worked out. The relative importance of factor bias and sector bias of technica...
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作者：Bond, EW; Syropoulos, C; Winters, LA
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of Sussex
摘要：We construct a three-country, two-bloc, multi-product trade model in which tariff agreements between customs union members are binding whereas inter-bloc tariff agreements are self-enforcing. Our main objective is to explore how the liberalization of trade between customs union members (i.e. the deepening of regional integration) affects the sustainability of tariff agreements with the rest of the world (ROW). We derive conditions under which Kemp-Wan [Kemp, M.C. and ii. Wan, Jr., 1976, An ele...
