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作者：Mansoorian, Arman; Mohsin, Mohammed
作者单位：York University - Canada; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：The effects of inflation targets are examined for a small open economy with cash in advance constraints. An increase in the inflation rate, by increasing the price of consumption relative to leisure, reduces consumption and labor supply. The fall in labor reduces the marginal productivity of capital, and a fall in investment. The country runs a current account surplus, despite the fall in output. The dynamics of the model for permanent and temporary policy changes are fully worked out, with th...
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作者：Branstetter, L
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Recent empirical work has examined the extent to which international trade fosters international spillovers of technological information. FDI is an alternate, potentially equally important channel for the mediation of such knowledge spillovers. I introduce a framework for measuring international knowledge spillovers at thefirin level, and I use this framework to directly test the hypothesis that FDI is a channel of knowledge spillovers for Japanese multinationals Undertaking direct investments...
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作者：De Broeck, M; Slok, T
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：Real exchange rate movements in the transition economies during the initial transition period were unusually large by the standards of other economies and periods. Using cross-sectional evidence, this paper documents how real exchange rates were generally misaligned at the onset of the transition and how most of this misalignment was eliminated over a relatively short period. Turning to the time series dimension, the paper shows that estimates from a consensus-type single-equation model of the...
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作者：Bernard, AB; Jensen, JB; Schott, PK
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University
摘要：This paper examines the role of international trade in the reallocation of U.S. manufacturing within and across industries from 1977 to 1997. Motivated by the factor proportions framework, we introduce a new measure of industry exposure to international trade that focuses on where imports originate rather than on their overall level. We find that plant survival and growth are negatively associated with industry exposure to low-wage country imports. Within industries, we show that manufacturing...
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作者：Grossman, Gene M.; Helpman, Elhanan; Szeidl, Adam
作者单位：Princeton University; Harvard University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We examine integration strategies of multinational firms that face a rich array of choices of international organization. Each firm must provide headquarter services from its home country, but can produce its intermediate inputs and conduct assembly operations in one or more of three locations. We study the equilibrium choices of firms that differ in productivity levels, focusing on the role that industry characteristics such as the fixed costs of foreign subsidiaries, the cost of transporting...
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作者：Crowley, MA
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：This paper examines how the country-breadth of tariff protection can affect the technology adoption decisions of both domestic import-competing and foreign exporting firms. The contribution of the analysis is to show how firm-level technology adoption changes under tariffs of different country-breadth. I show that a country-specific tariff like an antidumping duty induces both domestic import-competing firms and foreign exporting firms to adopt a new technology earlier than they would under fr...
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作者：Raff, H; Schmitt, N
作者单位：University of Kiel; Simon Fraser University; University of Geneva
摘要：This paper investigates the contractual choice between exclusive dealing and common agency in a simple international oligopoly model where products are sold through intermediaries. We find that when trade barriers are high, domestic firms tend to adopt exclusive dealing contracts whereas trade liberalization may lead firms to choose common agency. Social welfare can be raised be prohibiting exclusive dealing (common agency) when trade barriers are high (low) and products are close substitutes....
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作者：Lommerud, KE; Meland, F; Straume, OR
作者单位：University of Bergen; University of Bergen
摘要：Trade unions have a rational incentive to oppose the adoption of labour-saving technology when tabour demand is inelastic and unions care much for employment relative to wages. Trade liberalisation typically increases trade union technology opposition. These conclusions are reached in a model of unionised international duopoly with two-way trade. We also find that the incentive for technology opposition is stronger in the more technologically advanced country and in the country with the larger...
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作者：Mauro, Paolo
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
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作者：Dutt, P; Mitra, D
作者单位：Syracuse University; INSEAD Business School; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Trade policy depends on the extent to which the government wants to redistribute income as well as on a country's overall factor endowments and their distribution. While the government's desire to redistribute income itself is dependent on asset distribution, it is to a large extent also driven by the partisan nature of the government, i.e., whether it is pro-labor or pro-capital. Using cross-country data on factor endowments, inequality and government orientation, we find that, conditional on...
