作者：Bogazici University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：The early modern era witnessed the formation across Europe of centralized states that captured increasing shares of resources as taxes. These states not only enjoyed greater capacity to deal with domestic and external challenges, they were also able to shield their economies better against wars. This article examines the Ottoman experience with fiscal centralization using recently compiled evidence from budgets. It shows that due to high shares of intermediaries, Ottoman revenues lagged behind...
作者：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham
作者：University of North Carolina; Appalachian State University
作者：Hitotsubashi University; National Bureau of Economic Research
作者：University of Cambridge
摘要：This study uses evidence from central Europe to address open questions about the Consumer and Industrious Revolutions. Did they happen outside the North Atlantic economies? Were they shaped by the social capital of traditional institutions? How were they affected by social constraints on women? It finds that people in central Europe did desire to increase market work and consumption. But elites used the social capital of traditional institutions to oppose new work and consumption practices, es...
作者：Pompeu Fabra University; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI); University of Chicago
作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
作者：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
