-
作者：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Northwestern University
-
作者：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
-
作者：Harvard University
-
作者：University of Copenhagen
摘要：This study contributes to a revised picture of nineteenth-century bilateralism. Employing a new disaggregated data set, it argues that bilateral treaties did not implement general free trade, but instead reduced tariffs unevenly through commodity-specific preferences, especially favoring manufactured goods. Gravity model estimates show that specific liberalizations increased exports of corresponding items, but not overall trade. Exporters from countries whose governments used bilateralism stra...
-
作者：Burhop, Carsten
-
作者：Vanderbilt University
-
作者：Northwestern University; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
-
作者：IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca
摘要：Old Regime polities typically suffered from fiscal fragmentation and absolutist rule. By the start of World War 1, however, many such countries had centralized institutions and limited government. This article uses a new panel data set to perform a statistical analysis of political regimes and public revenues in Europe from 1650 to 1913. Panel regressions indicate that centralized and limited regimes were associated with significantly higher revenues than fragmented and absolutist ones. Struct...
-
作者：Stewart, James I.
摘要：Historians disagree about whether geographic mobility on the frontier reflected economic hardship or opportunity because of the inability to observe the outcomes of non-persisters. This article uses a new sample of frontier families linked between the 1860, 1870, and 1880 U.S. Censuses to study mobility and wealth accumulation. Using the incidence of Confederate guerilla warfare in frontier counties to generate exogenous migration, I find the effect of persistence on wealth accumulation is ins...
-
作者：University of Leeds
