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作者：Chen, yen-Chien; Fan, Elliott; Ho, Yu-Hsin; Lee, Matthew Yi-Hsiu; Liu, Jin-Tan
作者单位：National Taipei University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Despite the shared Confucian culture and economic development trajectories, women in Taiwan currently enjoy a much greater socio-economic status than their counterparts in South Korea and Japan. This study investigates a potential factor contributing to this striking difference: the reserved seats for women in Taiwan's local councils. The quota assignment rule creates a 'zigzag' proportional function of female councilors, providing a unique estimation opportunity. We find that exposure to fema...
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作者：Bourguignon, Francois; Platteau, Jean-Philippe
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; University of Namur
摘要：We explore the implications of allowing a poverty-averse donor to monitor aid use within the familiar context of the needs vs. aid effectiveness tradeoff. The paper focuses on the optimal aid allocation between countries when the donor simultaneously decides about aid shares and country-specific monitoring effort at increasing the amount reaching the poor. Endogenizing aid effectiveness is shown to raise the poor's income in the worse-governed country, yet not necessarily in the better-governe...
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作者：Huang, Hai; Huang, Wei; Shi, Xinzheng; Zhang, Ming-ang
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University
摘要：This study examines how gender composition in high-stakes examination settings affects academic performance, using data from over 250,000 students in China's National College Entrance Examination (Gaokao). Leveraging random seating assignments, we show that female students significantly improve their scores and increase their chances of university admission when seated with more female peers, particularly those in immediate view. Male students show no significant response. These positive effec...
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作者：Dang, Thang
作者单位：University of Turku; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH); Ho Chi Minh City University Economics
摘要：Exploiting a policy reform mandating participation in a 300-h language training course in Norway, I investigate the multigenerational health effects of a comprehensive language training program. I document the significant positive impacts of the program, not only on the long-term integration of refugees into the healthcare system but also on the health of the next generation. The program improves the cumulative use of primary care services for 12 years after arrival by 44%. This increase is pr...
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作者：Crost, Benjamin; Felter, Joseph H.; Yamasaki, Yoko
作者单位：University of Calgary; Stanford University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Some types of economic activities exacerbate civil conflict while others mitigate it, but there is little systematic evidence on how characteristics of an activity determine its effect on conflict. We provide such evidence by analyzing how movements in the prices of 26 agricultural commodities, comprising 84 percent of total agricultural output, affect conflict in the Philippines. We find that increases in the value of labor-intensive commodities lead to larger reductions (or smaller increases...
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作者：Janzen, Sarah; Magnan, Nicholas; Mullally, Conner; Sharma, Shruti; Shrestha, Bhola
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：We test whether access to a hybrid distance learning program can expand professional training opportunities where women's labor force participation is low. Qualified women were randomly selected to train as community animal health workers through either a traditional training course requiring 35 consecutive days away from home or a distance learning course requiring two shorter stays plus a tablet-based home curriculum. Distance learning increases training completion rates from 30% to 51%. Dis...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Claudia, Martinez A.; Puentes, Esteban
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Inter-American Development Bank; Universidad de Chile
摘要：Individual behavioral biases can affect savings behavior. We conduct an experiment to evaluate different strategies to increase savings. We compare an automatic savings plan (or default rule), monthly reminders, and a rule-of-thumb savings package that appeals to careful spending. We find that rule-of-thumb and default rules can increase savings for one year after the intervention. In contrast, reminders can reduce account balances and debt levels. The increase in savings under the default rul...
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作者：Kotsogiannis, Christos; Salvadori, Luca; Karangwa, John; Murasi, Innocente
作者单位：University of Exeter; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Autonomous University of Barcelona; University of Exeter
摘要：Difficult to find another policy shift that has promised as much for tax compliance in developing countries as digitalization. Yet the evidence on its impact is scant. Using the universe of tax filings in Rwanda over the period 2012-2019, this paper investigates the extent to which digitalization (in the form of e-invoicing) has impacted on VAT compliance and in particular the effectiveness of tax audits. The evidence suggests that on the aggregate e-invoicing adoption has increased firms' net...
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作者：Bertinelli, Luisito; Coemertpay, Rana; Maystadt, Jean-Francois
作者单位：University of Luxembourg; Universite Catholique Louvain; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Lancaster University
摘要：This study explores how forced migration affects ethnic diversity and conflict in 23 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2016. Using UNHCR data on refugee camp locations, we predict changes in local ethnic diversity. By integrating Afrobarometer and Ethnic Power Relations-Ethnicity of Refugees datasets, we analyse the link between refugee-induced diversity and conflict occurrence. Findings indicate that refugee-induced polarization increases the risk of local violence, while fractionali...
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作者：Decerf, Benoit; Ferrando, Mery; Quinn, Natalie Nairi
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Namur; Tilburg University; University of Oxford
摘要：There is growing support for monitoring global poverty using a measure that accounts for both own and relative income. We show how-in the context of heterogeneous preferences over these factors-the wellknown conflict between fairness and welfare-consistency can be resolved, providing the first preference-based foundation for both the established societal global poverty line and the recently proposed hierarchical poverty indices. We reformulate one hierarchical index as a modified headcount rat...
