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作者：Jeong, Dahyeon; Aggarwal, Shilpa; Robinson, Jonathan; Kumar, Naresh; Spearot, Alan; Park, David Sungho
作者单位：The World Bank; Indian School of Business (ISB); University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; National Bureau of Economic Research; KDI School of Public Policy & Management
摘要：Living standards measurement surveys require sustained attention for several hours. We quantify survey fatigue by randomizing the order of questions in 2-3 hour-long in-person surveys. An additional hour of survey time increases the probability that a respondent skips a question by 10%-64%. Because skips are more common, the total monetary value of aggregated categories such as assets or expenditures declines as the survey goes on, and this effect is sizeable for some categories: for example, ...
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作者：Cavatorta, Elisa; Zizzo, Daniel John; Daoud, Yousef
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; University of Queensland; Doha Institute for Graduate Studies; Birzeit University
摘要：This paper studies how reciprocity in the forms of conditional cooperation and vindictive behavior is affected by differential exposure to conflict. We use experimental games to measure preferences of adolescents living in the West Bank, and their obligation to cross military checkpoints to go to school as a proxy for differential exposure to the conflict. We find that adolescents who have an obligation to cross military checkpoints to go to school engage in more reciprocal behavior: they more...
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作者：Depaula, Guilherme
作者单位：Iowa State University; Iowa State University
摘要：Technological change in the 1970s and 1980s made it possible to grow soybeans in the remote Brazilian Savanna. However, multiple constraints typical of a developing region prevented many ranchers from adopting soybeans. Following the macroeconomic reforms that opened up the market in Brazil, international traders introduced a new farmer-trader contract that bundled technology, finance, inputs, and market access. The analysis of a novel panel dataset with farm-level census data reveals that thi...
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作者：Jin, Gan
作者单位：University of Freiburg
摘要：This paper examines the long-run effect of the customs institution founded by the Chinese Maritime Customs (CMC), a foreign-run customs agency established in the mid-19th century in China. A historical natural experiment is exploited to identify a causal effect: in 1902, the CMC took over a number of Chinese Native Customs stations, for which it established clear procedural guidelines and improved transparency and efficiency, while the other Native Customs stations remained under Chinese autho...
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作者：Knight, Brian; Tribin, Ana
作者单位：Brown University
摘要：This paper investigates the link between violent crime and immigration using data from Colombian municipalities during the recent episode of immigration from Venezuela. The key finding is that, following the closing and then re-opening of the border in 2016, which precipitated a massive immigration wave, homicides in Colombia increased in areas close to key border crossings. Using information on the nationality of the victim, we find that this increase was driven by homicides involving Venezue...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Sequeira, Sandra
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Youth unemployment remains extremely high throughout the developing world, at times coexisting with unmet demand for labour and high job turnover. We examine one possible explanation for this: spatial mismatches between jobs and job-seekers combined with high search costs can lead young job-seekers to have overly optimistic beliefs about their employment prospects. As a result, job-seekers under-search but also hold out for better jobs. Through a field experiment we find that reducing search c...
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作者：Gurgand, Marc; Lorenceau, Adrien; Melonio, Thomas
作者单位：Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：The empirical evidence that enrollment in higher education is constrained by access to credit is limited and usually indirect. We use a regression discontinuity design based on the fact that student loans are granted according to a score threshold at a South African credit institution (Eduloan) providing short-term loans at market conditions: we find that the credit constraint is substantial, as it reduces enrollment by more than 40 percentage points in a population of mostly middle-class appl...
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作者：Boskovic, Branko; Chakravorty, Ujjayant; Pelli, Martino; Risch, Anna
作者单位：Tufts University; University of Sherbrooke; INRAE; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble
摘要：Fuelwood collection by poor people is often cited as the most important cause of deforestation in developing countries. Using household survey data from India, we show that households located farther away from the forest spend more time in fuelwood collection. These households are likely to sell more fuelwood and buy less. That is, reduced access to forests increases fuelwood collection and sale. This counter-intuitive behavior is triggered by the higher fixed costs of households living farthe...
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作者：Yang, Dean; Allen, James; Mahumane, Arlete; Riddell, James; Yu, Hang
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Peking University; Peking University
摘要：Using randomized methodologies, we study a common community HIV/AIDS program that seeks to promote HIV testing by improving knowledge and reducing stigmatizing attitudes. Contrary to expectations, the program has a substantial negative effect on HIV testing rates. We provide evidence of likely mechanisms behind the program's negative effect: it inadvertently increased misinformation about HIV transmission methods, and worsened HIV-related stigmatizing attitudes. Subsequent household-level rand...
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作者：Aker, Jenny C.; Dillon, Brian; Welch, C. Jamilah
作者单位：Tufts University; Tufts University; Cornell University
摘要：Most research on technology adoption focuses on the demand side, emphasizing the role of information provision, financial incentives and nudges. Yet supply plays a critical and oft-overlooked role in facilitating the takeup of new technologies. We study the supply- and demand-side factors affecting the adoption of an improved storage technology (hermetically-sealed bags, or PICS) in Niger, which was introduced and freely distributed in West Africa in the late 2000s. Using surveys, survey exper...
