-
作者：Shu, Li; Wang, Chunhua; Wang, Wei
作者单位：Nanjing Normal University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of International Business & Economics
摘要：This study quantifies the effects of increasing the share of low-emission passenger vehicles on urban air quality in China. We estimate a two-stage least squares model, using the phased implementation of National Vehicle Emission Standards VI in 2019 as an instrumental variable for fleet composition. Our findings indicate that a 1% increase in the share of vehicles compliant with the stricter vehicle exhaust standards leads to a 0.083% reduction in the average pollutant concentration across th...
-
作者：Araujo, Rafael; Assuncao, Juliano; Braganca, Arthur
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro
摘要：We examine the effects of transportation infrastructure on deforestation in the Amazon. We build an interregional trade model in which agricultural commodities can be produced either in cleared lands or in forest lands. The model delivers a closed-form expression connecting deforestation and market access. Using panel data on the evolution of the transportation network and land use we estimate sizable effects of infrastructure on deforestation. Model simulations indicate that ignoring transpor...
-
作者：Campos, Francisco; Hernandez-de-Benito, Maria; Jamison, Julian C.; Safir, Abla; Zia, Bilal
作者单位：The World Bank; CUNEF Universidad; University of Exeter
摘要：While female entrepreneurs face multiple obstacles, it is unclear whether gender gaps worsen during economic crises: women, especially married women, may be more affected than men due to these obstacles, but could also be less exposed due to their specialized sectors, or if a crisis flattens everyone together. Leveraging on a unique timing of collecting baseline data just before COVID-19, we examine the impact of randomized grants and business training of partnered female and male microentrepr...
-
作者：Poblete-Cazenave, Ruben; Martinez, Claudia
作者单位：Autonomous University of Barcelona; Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：Many women experience physical or sexual violence, often in public spaces. We study the role of gender norms in perpetuating this violence by analyzing Holi, a festivity in India, where the phrase ''Bura na mano Holi Hai (Don't feel offended, it's Holi) is misused to justify inappropriate behavior. We document a 170% increase in assaults against women during Holi. Analysis reveals (1) higher violence in districts where men justify violence, and (2) a male backlash effect where women oppose it....
-
作者：Cheung, T. Terry; Kan, Kamhon; Yang, Tzu-Ting
作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Taiwan University; National Chengchi University
摘要：This study investigates how child disability affect parental labor supply using a difference-in-differences design and Taiwanese population-wide administrative data. The results show that child disability reduces mothers' employment rate and annual earnings by 9% and 12%, respectively, and these impacts persist for at least ten years. In contrast, fathers' labor supply remains largely unchanged. We also find that even when mothers were the primary earner, fathers' labor market outcomes suffer ...
-
作者：Karlan, Dean; Linden, Leigh L.
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Commitment devices offer an opportunity to restrict future choices. However, strict commitments may deter participation. Using a school-based commitment savings program for children to save for educational expenses in Uganda, we compare an account fully committed to school expenses to an account with a weaker commitment (funds withdrawn in cash, rather than a voucher). Children save more in the weaker commitment treatment arm, and when combined with parental outreach spend more on educational ...
-
作者：Anand, Abhishek; Subramanian, Arvind; Thomas, Naveen Joseph
作者单位：Peterson Institute for International Economics; O.P. Jindal Global University
摘要：Nearly all the literature using the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) data in India has overlooked or not seriously incorporated the phenomenon of multi-plants, whereby a firm sets up multiple production facilities within a state. We show that multi-plants have grown dramatically over time, now accounting for 36 percent of employment in large firms (greater than 200 workers). The multi-plant phenomenon is important because it changes our understanding of the evolution of the size of large firm...
-
作者：Behar, Alberto
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：I develop a model of endogenous skill-biased technical change in developing countries. The endogenous response to a rise in skill supply counters the traditional substitution effect and dampens supply's role in reducing wage inequality. The model reinforces consensus estimates of the elasticity of substitution between more/less educated workers by reconciling dispersed existing estimates. It also rationalizes estimates that were hitherto deemed implausible or theory-inconsistent. I produce new...
-
作者：Verwimp, Philip; Goubin, Silke; Justino, Patricia; Bruck, Tilman
作者单位：KU Leuven; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; University of Antwerp; Humboldt University of Berlin; Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Gemuse- und Zierpflanzenbau (IGZ)
-
作者：Fiala, Nathan; Rose, Julian; Aryemo, Filder; Ankel-Peters, Joerg
作者单位：University of Connecticut; Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Passau
摘要：We investigate the long-run impacts of a one-time randomized entrepreneurial cash grant in Uganda during COVID-19 lockdowns, twelve years after the intervention. Previous research documented considerable positive effects after four years, which vanished for income after nine years, while some structural changes persisted. For the 12-year follow-up, we find positive effects on employment and income, but for men only, and no effects on food security. These gender-specific effects might not be th...
