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作者：Schmidt-Hebbel, K; Servén, L
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper reviews analytically and empirically the links between income distribution and aggregate saving. Consumption theory brings out a number of direct channels through which income inequality can affect overall household saving - positively in most cases. However, recent political-economy theory points toward indirect, negative effects of inequality - through firm investment and public saving - on aggregate saving. On theoretical grounds, the sign of the saving-inequality link is therefo...
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作者：Fung, MKY; Ho, WM; Zhu, LJ
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; York University - Canada; University of Waterloo; National University of Singapore
摘要：This paper studies how the method of government debt financing affects the macroeconomic performance of the transforming Chinese economy. The investigation Is conducted within the context of an endogenous growth model that incorporates the major institutional features of the Chinese economy. Using this framework, we evaluate the effects on the growth rate of output and inflation if the Chinese government relies more on bonds and less on money creation for budget deficit and debt repayment fina...
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作者：Miller, SM; Upadhyay, MP
作者单位：University of Connecticut; Eastern Illinois University
摘要：We study the effects of openness, trade orientation, and human capital on total factor productivity for a pooled sample of developed and developing countries. Total factor productivity emerges from a parsimonious specification of the aggregate production function. Potential determinants of total factor productivity include measures of openness, trade orientation, and human capital. Higher openness benefits total factor productivity. Outward-oriented countries experience higher total factor pro...
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作者：Teal, F
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Real wage rates in Ghana have fallen substantially over the last 20 years. In this paper survey data for the years 1991-1995 is used to assess the changes which have occurred in the 1990s. It is shown that the real wage rate for the unskilled has continued to fall. Factor share equations for skilled and unskilled labour are estimated, which show the rise in skilled wages leading to substitution to unskilled labour but no rise in the share of skilled labour in income. The own price elasticities...
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作者：Zigic, K
作者单位：Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences
摘要：In this paper, we analyze the issue of optimal tariffs when the Northern and Southern firms compete in quantities in an imperfectly competitive Northern market and there are potentially varying degrees of intellectual property rights (TPR) violation by the South. IPR violation is reflected through the leakage of technological knowledge (spillovers) from the Northern to the Southern firm creating unit cost reduction, It is shown that optimal tariffs in this framework are always higher than in t...
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作者：Dayton-Johnson, J
作者单位：Dalhousie University
摘要：I develop a model of cooperation in small irrigation systems. I give conditions under which an equalizing redistribution of wealth increases the level of equilibrium cooperation, but also show that some redistributions that increase inequality can also increase cooperation. The distributive rule, a combination of arrangements for maintenance-cost sharing and water allocation, also affects the cooperation level. I estimate statistical models of cooperation for three maintenance indicators using...
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作者：Feenstra, RC; Madani, D; Yang, TH; Liang, CY
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank; Academia Sinica - Taiwan
摘要：We evaluate the endogenous growth hypothesis using sectoral productivity data and the product variety of exports for South Korea and Taiwan. We find that changes in relative export variety (entered as either a lag or a lead) have a positive and significant effect on total factor productivity (TFP) in nine of the 16 sectors, Seven out of these sectors are what we classify as secondary industries, in that they rely on and produce differentiated manufactures, and therefore seem to fit the idea of...
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作者：Ashworth, J; Evans, L; Teriba, A
作者单位：Durham University
摘要：This paper demonstrates the importance of allowing for structural breaks in the time-series when investigating the relationship between the official and the parallel markets in foreign exchange. Only when structural breaks are accounted for does a relationship emerge in Nigeria. We find that over the period 1980-1993, the official rate has Granger-caused the parallel rate. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved.
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作者：Farzin, YH
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：The paper examines the optimal saving policy for a small exhaustible resource-exporting economy (ERE) that has an exhaustible asset and a reproducible capital stock. It shows that, both in magnitude and time profile, the optimal saving policy for an ERE sharply differs from (a) that of a nonextractive economy and (b) that derived from the conventional models of growth with exhaustible resources. These differences arise from the specific economic features that distinguish the small resource-exp...
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作者：Dasgupta, D
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi
摘要：The paper constructs a model of endogenous growth where infrastructure acts as an accumulable stock generating a nonrival input service. Steady state growth paths are studied for Market and Command Economies. In the former, a final good is produced privately and, as in many developing economies, infrastructure accumulated on noncompetitive basis by the State. The Command Economy allocates resources by solving a grand optimization exercise. The transitionally stable steady growth rate for the M...
