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作者：Diao, XS; Roe, T; Yeldan, E
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
摘要：We introduce and explore a general equilibrium model with R&D-driven endogenous growth, whose antecedents are the models of Romer (1990) [Romer, P.M., 1990. Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98, S71-102] and Grossman and Helpman (1991) [Grossman, G.M., Helpman E., 1991. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, The MIT Press, Cambridge]. Utilizing evidence front recent econometric studies on sources of growth, the model also accounts explicitly for cross-border ...
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作者：Bourguignon, F; Morrisson, C
作者单位：heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne
摘要：This paper suggests major factors in country differences in income distribution largely overlooked in the literature on inequality and development. They concern the extent of economic dualism, as proxied macroeconomically by the relative labour productivity of non-agricultural sectors vs. agriculture and related variables. The result is robust with respect to both the composition of the sample, the observation period and inclusion of country fixed effects, in marked contrast to what happens wh...
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作者：Fafchamps, M; Udry, C; Czukas, K
作者单位：Stanford University; Northwestern University
摘要：Households in the West African semi-arid tropics (WASAT) face substantial risk-an inevitable consequence of engaging in rainfed agriculture in a drought-prone environment, It has long been hypothesized that these households keep livestock as a buffer stock to insulate their consumption from income fluctuations. This paper tests this hypothesis. Results indicate that livestock transactions play less of a consumption smoothing role than often assumed. Livestock sales compensate for at most thirt...
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作者：Reinhart, CM; Talvi, E
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Both theory and the empirical evidence for a broad range of countries have identified a negative relationship between domestic and foreign saving. Still, based on the experience of the 1990s, a popular view has emerged that domestic and foreign saving are positively related in Asia and negatively related in Latin America. We argue that this popular discussion does not discriminate between trends in domestic saving (which are very different in the two regions) and the cyclical component of savi...
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作者：Dercon, S
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford; KU Leuven
摘要：Imperfect credit markets force households to use their savings for investment. Profitable activities often require lumpy investments, limiting entry by poorer households, resulting in increasing welfare differences. In Tanzania, cattle are a profitable but lumpy investment and a liquid asset for consumption smoothing. Richer households own substantial cattle herds, while poorer households specialize in low return, low risk activities. A dynamic programming model and simulations are presented t...
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作者：Fikkert, B; Hasan, R
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Asian Development Bank; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：This paper examines returns to scale for a panel of Indian manufacturing firms from 1976-1985, a period in which government regulations restricted firms' expansion. Observers have argued that these regulations led to unexploited scale economies in Indian firms, and our estimates lend limited support to this view. Although a large number of firms produce below the minimum efficient scale, average returns to scale for the various industries are not significantly different from one. Our estimates...
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作者：Duo, Q
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：This paper investigates the disequilibrium effects of a number of institutional factors on the aggregate money demand behaviour of three Asian economies: Japan, Korea and Singapore. It identifies these institutional factors with strong government interventions through monetary or fiscal policies. The investigation is carried out through progressive model search following the equilibrium-correction modelling (ECM) approach. The findings confirm to the arguments that undesirable empirical result...
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作者：Funkhouser, E
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：I utilize unique firm-based data to examine firm-wage differentials among private firms with ten or more workers in the capital area of Guatemala City, Approximately one-seventh of the overall hourly earnings variation in this sector is related to firm effects not captured by other observable characteristics of individuals and firms, For most variables, including observable characteristics of firms used in most previous studies, the bias from nor including firm fixed effects in the estimation ...
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作者：Funk, P
作者单位：University of Cologne
摘要：In this article we show how absolute poverty and per capita growth can be sustained simultaneously in a fully integrated world economy. Poverty persists due to an endogenously sustained bias in the direction of technological change. We show in an example framework, that if free trade is opened up too early between an initially less developed and a more developed country, then part of the population of the initially less advanced country is caught in a poverty trap. If, on the other hand, indiv...
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作者：Li, TY; Zhang, JS
作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper presents a theoretical model and shows that greater distributional equality decreases individuals' returns to education. The evidence from a production team in 1977 and the rural household farming in 1990, both in China, lends support for the model. Production team did not reward most members' (especially for those with higher work points such as the married and males) education during most of their lifetimes in distributing work points and labor income. However, under the household...
