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作者：Brasselle, AS; Gaspart, F; Platteau, JP
作者单位：University of Namur
摘要：The commonsense logic associating higher land security and higher incentives to invest has been recently called into question in the case of African agriculture. To be meaningful, empirical tests have to be carefully designed so as to take account of the possible endogeneity of the land rights variable. This is done in this paper by applying suitable econometric methods to the original data collected in Burkina Faso. The results obtained cast doubt on the existence of a systematic influence of...
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作者：Ahituv, A; Kimhi, A
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This paper analyzes two principal simultaneous decisions of farm operators: off-farm labor supply and farm capital investment. We first develop a theoretical model analyzing the effects of exogenous shocks on farmers' decisions. Then, we estimate jointly a multinomial probit model of farmers' off-farm labor supply and a switching regression model of farm capital, using a two-period panel data set from Israel. This method enables to account for both unobserved heterogeneity and structural state...
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作者：Ray, I; Williams, J
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Illegal water diversions and lax rule-enforcement are common on irrigation canals. We present a mathematical programming model of a watercourse, calibrated to a canal in Maharashtra on which farmers voted to cooperate to control water theft. The model solution computes the crop choices and profits of individually optimizing farmers who differ in their location. It reveals the spatial distribution of gains and losses from cooperation. It illuminates why voluntary bargaining will rarely achieve ...
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作者：Gustafsson, B; Shi, L
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
摘要：Using household data from samples covering 18 provinces in 1988 and 1995, income inequality within and between counties in rural China is assessed. The approach enables us to aggregate average income and income inequality to the levels of provinces and the three regions comprising eastern, central and western China. Most of income inequality in rural China in 1995 was found to be spatial and the uneven development of mean income across counties stood for most, but not all, of the rapid increas...
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作者：Hammer, J; Jack, W
作者单位：The World Bank; Georgetown University
摘要：In many developing country settings, and particularly in rural areas, the implementation of anything more than very rudimentary contracts for medical care providers, including public employees, is virtually impossible. In this paper, we examine the kinds of policy levers that governments might conceivably have available to induce physicians to serve in rural areas. Using simple models of screening and spatial competition, we investigate how the government can sort between physicians with low a...
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作者：Kaminsky, GL; Reinhart, CM
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; George Washington University
摘要：In this paper, we examine which markets are most synchronized internationally and exhibit the greater extent of co-movement. We focus on daily data for four asset markets: bonds, equities, foreign exchange, and domestic money market. Our sample covers 35 developed and emerging market countries during 1997-1999. The extent of co-movement and responsiveness to external shocks is examined in different ways. To measure the response of these markets to adverse external shocks, we date the peaks in ...
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作者：Bedi, AS; Edwards, JHY
作者单位：Tulane University
摘要：The expansion of education has been widely adopted as a key element in the development strategies of low-income countries. While there is substantial evidence on the benefits of greater educational attainment for subsequent labor market earnings, empirical evidence on the role played by school quality is scarce. This paper combines household survey data with unique data on school quality, from Honduras, to study the importance of school quality as a determinant of earnings. Our objective measu...
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作者：Robertson, R; Dutkowsky, DH
作者单位：Macalester College; Syracuse University
摘要：Rodrik [Rodrik, D., 1997. Has Globalization Gone Too Far? Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC.] argues that firms use the threat of moving to low-cost (generally developing) markets to make employment more flexible at home. Although a large literature documents significant adjustment costs in developed countries, we know little about their size and importance in developing countries that receive capital. We employ monthly Mexican data from the GATT-NAFTA period to estimate ad...
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作者：Jeong, B
作者单位：Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences
摘要：I propose the aggregate output divided by the wage rate of an industrial laborer in a country as a measure of the aggregate human capital input for that country. I use this method to compare the human capital inputs for 45 countries of diverse output levels. I find that human capital input differs between the lowest-income and the highest-income countries by a factor of 2.2 or 2.8, depending on the inclusion of outlier countries. This is significant but small relative to the results from the m...
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作者：Block, SA
作者单位：Tufts University
摘要：This paper presents cross-country evidence that political business cycles are alive and well in the nascent democracies of the developing world. Africa provides fertile ground for the study of political business cycles. This paper uncovers systematic electorally timed interventions in five monetary and four fiscal policy variables in a panel of African countries. These findings are consistent with the predictions of rational opportunistic political business cycle theory. If Africa's increasing...
